Adoption and Implementation of an Evidence-based Safe Driving Program for High-Risk Teen Drivers

Unsafe driving behaviors

时间窗: Daily overtime for six months following enrollment

Using the Azūga™ in-vehicle device and smart phone app, the investigators will collect data in both intervention groups and the control group on teen's unsafe driving behaviors (speeding, distracted driving, no seatbelt use). The duration (e.g., miles driven) and type of driving behaviors, including speeding (\>10 miles over the posted speed limit), and no seatbelt use, will be automatically coded and counted in the system. The proportions will be calculated by dividing by miles driven then multiplying by 1000 (e.g., proportion of 1,000 miles in which a seatbelt was not worn).

Change in Reach

时间窗: Yearly for 3 years

Reach will be measured by comparing characteristics of teens who enrolled in the study to those who declined participation (e.g., demographics, residence location, citation history). The investigators will assess the number of eligible participants who are offered participation on each recruitment day, the number of those who were offered participation and declined as well as participation and drop-out rates.

Adoption - Courts: 3 Years

时间窗: 3 years

Adoption will be measured by comparing characteristics of participating county courts (Franklin, Greene, Perry, and Wyandot Juvenile Traffic Courts) to county courts in the rest of Ohio (e.g., court hours, location, the number of staff, the number of cases). The investigators will also conduct interviews with participating court officials to identify facilitators and barriers to program adoption.

Implementation Fidelity - Fidelity Checklist

时间窗: After completion of each intervention session, up to three years

Implementation fidelity will be measured among the expert and peer trainers immediately after the intervention using a fidelity checklist. The fidelity checklist will measure intervention fidelity including conceptual accuracy and adherence, and responsiveness to the needs of participants. Trained Raters will review a sample of recorded training and booster sessions and complete the fidelity checklist.

Direct Costs: 3 Years

时间窗: 3 years

Direct costs refer to the personnel and non-personnel costs that can be assigned to the intervention (i.e., STS+). Personnel costs include service time and the proportion of staff time allocated to implement STS+ and non-personnel costs refer to other items needed for delivering STS+, such as equipment, supplies and materials. Examples of direct costs include staff time required to 1) deliver the intervention, 2) train the peer trainers, 3) install, manage, and maintain the driving feedback technology, 4) manage the STS+ website platform, and 5) train participants to use the driving feedback technology and STS+ website platform. Direct cost data will be collected yearly from all dyads using a cost data collection protocol and template that includes annual costs for personnel, technology, training requirements, supplies, and infrastructure.

Risky driving events

时间窗: Daily overtime for six months following enrollment

Risky driving events (hard braking, sudden acceleration) will be collected among teens in the intervention groups and control group using the Azūga™ in-vehicle device. The number and type of driving event, including hard breaking (≤ -0.45 g-force) and sudden acceleration (\> 0.35 g-force), will be automatically coded and counted in the system. The rates will be computed by dividing events by miles driven then multiplying by 1000.

Adoption - Participants

时间窗: At 6-month follow-up

The investigators will also conduct interviews with a randomly selected sample of dyads in each intervention group (n=116, 58 dyads for each intervention group) to identify facilitators and barriers to program adoption.

Implementation Fidelity - BECCI

时间窗: After completion of each intervention session, up to three years

Implementation fidelity will be measured among parents in both intervention groups, and among the expert and peer trainers immediately after the intervention using the Behavior Change Counseling Index (BECCI). The BECCI measures the degree to which the intervention is delivered as intended and involves 11 items rated on a scale of 0 to 4. The average of all items will be calculated, with higher scores representing greater fidelity.