Optimizing Effectiveness and Implementation of COPD Self-Management Treatment

The study's overall objective is to test component effects of COPD self-management treatment and select an optimized treatment program, while simultaneously gathering information on factors impacting implementation (i.e., Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Study).1 The study design is guided by the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST),2 an innovative, engineering-inspired methodological framework for intervention development that uses highly efficient randomized experimentation to assess the performance of treatment components on clinically-relevant outcomes, independently and in combination. The proposed research will achieve the following Specific Aims:

Aim 1. Determine the main and interactive effects of three treatment components (i.e., self-management education, inhaler training, and physical activity) on a) respiratory-related hospitalizations over 12 months (primary outcome), and b) health-related quality of life (secondary outcome) by conducting a 2x2x2 factorial experiment. Program costs associated with delivery of each treatment condition will be measured and mediation analyses will be conducted to further understand the mechanisms of component effects.

Sub-Aim 1a. Examine the interaction of baseline disease severity and comorbid conditions (i.e., cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome) with each treatment component on outcomes, to explore potential differences in treatment response.

Aim 2. Select the optimized treatment program. The investigators will identify the optimized treatment package that produces the best expected outcomes (i.e., reduction in respiratory-related hospitalizations and increased health-related quality of life), while maintaining efficiency in the program cost for treatment delivery.

Aim 3. Develop a set of implementation strategies to increase referrals to the optimized treatment program by conducting a mixed methods process evaluation with healthcare providers (N=10-20) and administrators (N=10-20). Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the investigators will assess the barriers and facilitators impacting the program referral workflow, and use this data to inform selection of implementation strategies to increase referrals.