The Effect of Breastfeeding Training Given to Nulliparous Pregnant Women Before Cesarean Section on Breastfeeding Intention and Attitudes in the Postpartum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 70
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Infant feeding Intentions before Intervention
研究概览
简要总结
Purpose:
It will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Material method:
The research, planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out with a total of 70 mothers who are hospitalized in the Maternity Clinic of Bursa Uludağ University Research and Practice Hospital and who meet the study assignment criteria and who are determined by simple randomization method. Breastfeeding education and support will be provided to 35 women in the experimental group, and 35 women in the control group will be left to the hospital's usual care. Data will be collected between April 2024 and January 2025 using the "Introductory Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale." The educational intervention will be carried out one-on-one in the woman's own room during the prenatal period for the women allocated to the experimental group. In addition to the explanation, question and answer, and visual material use, the demonstration technique with a newborn model will be used in the education. A booklet containing written illustrated breastfeeding education prepared in line with the literature will be given to mothers with cesarean delivery. The data will be filled in the "Introductory Information Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." The data of the study will be analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 20.0 package program. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, minimum-maximum, standard deviation, number, and percentage), Student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test will be used in the analysis of the data.
Expected Result:
Determining the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period will guide health professionals. It will be a resource for studies that can be conducted on different sample groups and in different regions on the subject and will contribute to national and international literature and scientific knowledge with the publication to be made.
详细描述
Cesarean section rates are increasing every year worldwide and in Turkey. Due to the effects of anesthesia and pain in the cesarean area, breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding are difficult. Breastfeeding is very important for maintaining the healthy growth of newborns, preventing future health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases, and for maternal health. For these reasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that babies be fed only breast milk for the first six months and that breastfeeding should continue for two years.
Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicate that numerous countries have cesarean section rates that surpass the recommended thresholds. Notably, Turkey has the highest cesarean section rate at 53.1%. Research has demonstrated that cesarean deliveries can pose challenges in initiating and sustaining breastfeeding.
Achieving WHO's 2030 goals on breast milk and breastfeeding, increasing breast milk intake, and increasing breastfeeding rates at the national level will directly contribute to maternal and child health and indirectly reduce family and health expenditures. However, when previous studies in the literature are examined, it is known that cesarean births, the effects of anesthesia, and pain in the cesarean area make breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding a difficult factor.
This research project, which is planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education and support given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Research Questions:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- Double (Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
The Care Provider and Outcome Assessor will be kept unaware of the experimental and control groups participating in the study.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 49 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being 18 years of age or older,
- •Speaking and understanding Turkish,
- •Having a planned Caesarean section,
- •Being nulliparous
排除标准
- •Having a history of psychological or mental health problems
- •Having any condition in the mother or infant that was a barrier to breastfeeding (using medication that passes into breast milk, breast structure not being suitable for milk production, mastectomy operation, etc.)
- •The baby's admission into the neonatal unit
- •The baby's separation from the mother for any reason
- •Having a disease (anomaly, cleft palate and lip, etc.) that prevents the baby from breastfeeding,
- •Having given childbirth outside of the 37-42nd week,
- •Having a baby with a birth weight below 2500 grams
结局指标
主要结局
Infant feeding Intentions before Intervention
时间窗: before Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
Before the breastfeeding education intervention, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 6th month
时间窗: Postpartum 6th month
In the 6th month postpartum, mothers in both the experimental and control groups underwent evaluation using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." This scale generates scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item scored in reverse. An increase in the total score signifies a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 3rd month
时间窗: Postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the 3rd month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding intentions after Intervention
时间窗: after Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
After the breastfeeding education intervention in the experimental group, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of both groups to breastfeed their babies were determined.groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Breastfeeding intentions before discharge
时间窗: Postpartum 3rd day
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale". The intentions of the mothers in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the score of the breastfeeding attitude scale increases, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding attitude before discharge
时间窗: Postpartum 3rd day
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Breastfeeding Attitude Scale." This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item being reverse-scored. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 1st month
时间窗: Postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the first month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding intentions: postpartum 1st month
时间窗: Postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the first month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 3rd month
时间窗: Postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 3rd month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 6th month
时间窗: Postpartum 6th month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 6th month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
次要结局
- Exclusively feeding with mother's milk(Postpartum 6th month)
- The starting breastfeeding in the first hour(Postpartum 3rd day)
- Bottle feeding(Postpartum 3rd day)
研究者
Gonca Buran
PhD, RN, Assit. Prof.
Aydin Adnan Menderes University