EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT ATTACHMENT SYSTEMS IN MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURES RETAINED WITH TWO INCLINED IMPLANTS (A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL)

Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (BI)

时间窗: up to 12 months

This will be measured using a graduated plastic autoclavable periodontal probe. The probe will be held parallel to the long axis of the implant and introduced with light force to the peri-implant sulcus. A score of 0-3 will be assigned to each labial and palatal surface of the implant then the average for each implant will be calculated according to the following criteria: Score 0: No bleeding when a periodontal probe is passed along the gingival margin adjacent to the implant. Score 1: Isolated bleeding spots visible. Score 2: Blood forms a confluent red line on margin. Score 3: Heavy or profuse bleeding

Peri-implant Probing Depth (PD)

时间窗: up to 12 months

The distance from the gingival margin till the point of least resistance will be measured using a graduated plastic autoclavable periodontal probe. The probe will be held parallel to the long axis of the implant and introduced with light force to the peri-implant sulcus. Measurements will be made at 6 sites around each implant; mesiobuccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-palatal, mid-palatal and disto-palatal. Probing depth of 1 mm or less will be recorded as 1 mm, and those exceeding 1 mm, but less than 2 mm, will be recorded as 2 mm, and so on. The mean for each implant will be calculated.

Modified gingival index

时间窗: up to 12 months

The peri-implant mucosal tissues will be assessed according to Lobene and Weatherford as follows: 0: Absence of inflammation, normal gingiva. 1. Mild inflammation, slight color change, little change in texture of any portion of, but not entire, marginal, or papillary gingival unit (localized). 2. Mild inflammation, slight color change, little change in texture involving the entire or papillary gingival unit (generalized).. 3. Moderate inflammation, redness, and edema. 4. Severe inflammation, marked redness, edema, ulceration, and spontaneous bleeding It will be measured at 4 sites around each implant (mesially, distally, labially/ buccaly, lingually) then, the mean record will be calculated for each implant. Indices of the two implants will be added to each other, and then divided by 2 to get the mean modified gingival index for each case.

Alveolar bone level

时间窗: up to 12 months

The level of alveolar bone around each implant will be assessed using CBCT(3D Accuitomo 170, 90 kVp, 5 mA, 30.8 s, 0.08 mm isotropic voxel size, J Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and the field of view will be the lower anterior sextant. The vertical bone change (distance from the implant platform to the first bone-to-implant contact, in mm) around each implant will be assessed at the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal aspects then the mean will be calculated.

Implant stability

时间窗: up to 12 months

Magnetic Resonance Frequency Analyser will be used to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The instrument measures the resonance frequency through the transducer attached to a implant fixture and display the result ISQ value on a scale of 1 to 100 with higher values indicating higher stability. The measurements will be made three times and the mean will be calculated.