Implementation of Forgiveness Education to Increase Psychological Well-being in Three Culturally Distinct Areas: Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 1,300
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in anger in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
研究概览
简要总结
This project examines the development of psychological well-being in children and teachers through a 12- week forgiveness education program conducted in three conflict zones of the world, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan.
A 12-week forgiveness education program will be investigated in elementary schools in three conflict zones of the world, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan. The responsibilities of the sub-team in each of the three research sites will be:
- a. recruiting schools, assisting the teacher training before the forgiveness education program starts
- b. shepherding teachers, doing the fidelity checks, administering the instruments and collecting data during the forgiveness education program.
Once a school gives permission to be part of this study, the forgiveness curriculum will be implemented as a 12-week standard curriculum for the grade 5 (US equivalency) students. Teachers of the grade 5 classes will be trained to administer the program. Teachers, students and their parents must give the consent to take part in the measures of the study.
详细描述
Classrooms participating in this study will be randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group will receive the 1st forgiveness intervention for 12 weeks and then the control group will turn into an experimental group to receive a 2nd forgiveness intervention for 12 weeks.
In order to assess if such education increases psychological well-being in students (children) and teachers (adults), teachers and students in both groups will receive the same measures for four times in the study: within one week before the 1st forgiveness intervention, within one week after the 1st forgiveness intervention, within one week after the 2nd forgiveness intervention, four weeks after the 2nd forgiveness intervention.
The instruments include: for teachers, the assessment data will consist of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory Short Form (EFI-30), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Anger, Anxiety, and Depression scales, the Ethnic Prejudice Scale, the Herth Hope Index, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a Classroom Cooperation scale, and a Cross-Cultural Exit Interview (written questionnaire). For students, the assessment data will consist of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI-C), the PROMIS measures for pediatric self-report (ages 8-17): Anger, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms scales, the Ethnic Prejudice Scale for children, the Children's Hope Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (School Form), and academic achievement (likely to be scores/grades of Math, writing and reading in their own language). After the 2nd forgiveness intervention, select participants (teachers and children) will take part in individual interviews.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 10 Years 至 65 Years（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Students in 5th grade (US equivalency, aged 10-12)
- •Teachers in 5th grade (US equivalency)
排除标准
- •Students who are in grades other than 5th grade
- •Teachers who are in grades other than 5th grade
结局指标
主要结局
Change in anger in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger Short Form: scores range from 5 to 25 with higher scores representing higher levels of anger, which is a worse outcome.
Change in anxiety in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form: scores range from 5 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of anxiety, which is a worse outcome.
Change in anxiety in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Measures for Pediatric (ages 8-17) Anxiety Short Form: scores range from 5 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of anxiety, which is a worse outcome.
Change in depression in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression Short Form, scores range from 5 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of depression, which is a worse outcome.
Change in depression in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Measures for Pediatric (ages 8-17) Depressive Symptoms Short Form: scores range from 5 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of depression, which is a worse outcome.
Change in prejudice in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Ethnic Prejudice Scales.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Ethnic Prejudice Scale: scores range from 20 to 100 with higher scores representing higher levels of prejudice, which is a worse outcome.
Change in hope in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by Children's Hope Scale.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Children's Hope Scale: scores range from 6 to 36with higher scores representing more hopefulness, which is a better outcome.
Change in self-esteem in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: scores range from 10 to 40 with higher scores representing higher self-esteem, which is a better outcome.
Change in forgiveness in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by EFI-30.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Enright Forgiveness Inventory Short Form (EFI-30), scores range from 30 to 180 with higher scores representing higher levels of forgiveness, which is a better outcome.
Change in forgiveness in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by EFI-C.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI-C): scores range from 30 to 120 with higher scores representing higher levels of forgiveness, which is a better outcome.
Change in anger in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Measures for Pediatric (ages 8-17) Anger Short Form: scores range from 5 to 25 with higher scores representing higher levels of anger, which is a worse outcome.
Change in prejudice in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Ethnic Prejudice Scales.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Ethnic Prejudice Scales: wording changes in the adult form of the Ethnic Prejudice Scale will be made to bring it to the level of 5th grade students (aged 10-12). Scores range from 20 to 100 with higher scores representing higher levels of prejudice, which is a worse outcome.
Change in hope in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by Herth Hope Index.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Herth Hope Index: scores range from 12 to 48 with higher scores representing more hopefulness, which is a better outcome.
Change in self-esteem in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory Short Form: scores range from 0 to 25 with higher scores representing higher self-esteem, which is a better outcome.
Change in classroom cooperation in students after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Classroom Cooperation Scale.
时间窗: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
The Classroom Cooperation Scale is teachers' measure of student cooperation, scores range from 10 to 40 with higher scores representing higher level of cooperation, which is a better outcome.
次要结局
未报告次要终点