Transcatheter Para-Valvular Leak Closure: An International Prospective Multicentre Registry

Prosthetic paravalvular leaks (PVL) are associated with congestive heart failure and haemolysis, for which the standard treatment is open-heart surgery with the attendant risks to the patient. Transcatheter closure has emerged as an alternative. Patient selection criteria for the best option are needed. The investigators aimed to identify predictors of clinical success after transcatheter PVL closure.

The investigators designed a prospective multicentre observational registry named Fermeture des Fuites Para-Prothétiques (FFPP, closure of PVLs). In Belgium, France, Poland, and Turkey, 24 centres each enrolled at least 1 patient, between 1 January, 2017 and 31 December, 2019. All centres included consecutive patients referred for PVL closure.

Patients were selected for transcatheter PVL closure as opposed to first-line surgical PVL closure if they were at high or prohibitive surgical risk or as an alternative option to surgery if transcatheter PVLc feasibility was high. Patients were selected by each heart-team of participating centre according to local practice.

The study was coordinated by the clinical research unit of the Marie Lannelongue Hospital (Le Plessis-Robinson, France) and was approved by an independent ethics committee (CCTIRS, 23 November 2016, n°16.622bis). It complied with the principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed and signed consent was obtained in all patients prior to the procedures.

Data collection An electronic case-report form (eCRF, Easy-crf.com) was completed for each patient. The medical history (notably regarding heart surgery), symptoms, physical findings, laboratory test results, and echocardiographic parameters were collected. The EUROSCORE II risk score (http://euroscore.org) was determined, since surgical valve replacement was among the treatment options. Creatinine clearance below 60 mL/min defined renal failure and below 30 mL/min severe renal failure. Heart failure was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology as the presence of symptoms (dyspnoea, orthopnoea, asthenia) with physical signs of heart failure (limb oedema, hepato-jugular reflux, crackles on pulmonary auscultation) linked to the valvular disease.20 Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women and haemolytic anaemia as anaemia with lactic dehydrogenase elevation and/or schistocytes and/or low haptoglobin, in the absence of other causes of anaemia.