Postoperative Sensitivity in Class II Restorations: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Snow-Plow and Resin Coating Techniques

Postoperative tooth sensitivity is a common but often transient symptom following the placement of direct posterior resin composite restorations. Patients frequently report mild to moderate discomfort, particularly during the first few days after treatment, which can influence their perception of treatment success and overall satisfaction. While advances in adhesive dentistry and restorative materials have greatly improved clinical outcomes, postoperative sensitivity remains a relevant clinical concern.

This clinical trial is designed to compare two contemporary restorative techniques-the snow-plow technique and the resin coating technique following immediate dentin sealing-in terms of postoperative patient-reported pain during the first postoperative week. Both techniques aim to enhance marginal adaptation and reduce polymerization shrinkage stresses at the adhesive interface, thereby potentially minimizing pulpal irritation and postoperative discomfort.

Participants in this study are adult patients requiring Class II resin composite restorations on two comparable posterior teeth, typically located on opposite sides of the dental arch. Each participant will receive two restorations, one using the snow-plow technique and the other using the resin coating technique, in a split-mouth design. This approach allows each participant to serve as their own control, minimizing inter-patient variability and enabling a more reliable comparison between the two restorative strategies.

All procedures are performed under rubber dam isolation using standardized adhesive and restorative protocols to ensure clinical consistency. The snow-plow technique involves placing an uncured flowable bulk-fill resin on the cavity floor, immediately followed by the placement of a packable composite increment. Both materials are then light-cured simultaneously. This technique is intended to improve adaptation of the restorative material to cavity walls, displace voids, and reduce microleakage.

In the resin coating technique, immediate dentin sealing is performed following cavity preparation. A thin layer of flowable bulk-fill resin is then applied over the sealed dentin and light-cured before the placement of the final packable composite increment. This layer acts as a stress-absorbing liner, providing a flexible interface that may protect the pulp and reduce the transmission of shrinkage stresses during polymerization.