Optimizing Nudge Strategies to Increase the Adoption of DPYD Testing in Patients With Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies Treated With Fluoropyrimidines.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE:

Fluoropyrimidines (FPs) are the cornerstone of treatment for several gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Approximately 5-7% of patients carry reduced function variants in DPYD, resulting in the inability to metabolize FPs, predisposing them to severe, life-threatening toxicities. These patients can be identified through DPYD pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing. However, DPYD testing has not been widely adopted in clinical care due to implementation barriers at the system- (e.g., access to testing, integration into clinical workflows), clinician- (e.g., interpretation of results, remembering to order test) and patient- (e.g., knowledge about testing, worry about adverse effects of testing) levels. This results in substantial uncertainty and a tendency to rely on several biases [e.g., status quo (not to test), loss aversion (perception of loss greater than gain), omission (focusing on harm of action more than of non-action), or confirmation (validating prior beliefs)] that can influence health decisions. Behavioral economics offers a roadmap for mitigating clinician biases using choice architecture and message framing, which involves changing the EHR environment to facilitate the desired (evidence-based) choice, and patient biases using priming, which uses direct communication strategies to address potential biases prior to clinical encounters. In Aim 1, we will develop patient- and clinician-directed nudges with input from key stakeholders. Feedback will also be used to develop and refine educational materials to support clinical testing. In Aim 2, we will pilot test the nudges using discrete choice experiments (DCE) to identify the optimal framing that best mitigate cognitive biases. Results of the pilot will be utilized to design a randomized clinical trial testing the nudge strategies.

OBJECTIVES:

To obtain input from clinician and patient stakeholders to design EHR based nudges that are acceptable and will increase the likelihood of ordering DPYD testing prior to prescribing a FP for GI cancer.

Aim 1: Develop and refine patient- and clinician- directed nudges that will address biases to DPYD testing. Hypothesis: Stakeholder feedback will result in acceptable and appropriate nudges.