Comparison of Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5 percent Levobupivacaine Heavy 0.5 percent And Ropivacaine Heavy 0.75 percent in Subarachnoid block (SAB) in lower limb and abdominal surgeries: An Open, Comparative and Randamised Study.

“Comparison of Efficacy of Equipotent Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5%, Levobupivacaine Heavy 0.5% and Ropivacaine Heavy 0.75% in Subarachnoid Block (SAB): An Open, Comparative and Randomized Study”

Objective:

To compare the efficacy and safety of three local anesthetics — Bupivacaine (0.5%), Levobupivacaine (0.5%), and Ropivacaine (0.75%) — when used for subarachnoid block (spinal anesthesia) in lower limb and abdominal surgeries.

Primary Parameters:

Onset of sensory and motor block

Maximum sensory level attained

Duration of motor and sensory block

Secondary Parameters:

Hemodynamic changes (e.g., hypotension, bradycardia)

Side effects

Tertiary Parameter:

Duration of postoperative analgesia

Recruitment Details:

Study Population:

ASA Grade I–III patients (with well-controlled comorbidities)

Age: 18–75 years

Undergoing lower limb or lower abdominal surgeries

Both male and female participants

Exclusion Criteria Include:

Upper abdominal surgeries

Patients on LMWH/heparin

Severe cardiac conditions (e.g., aortic stenosis)

Neurological disorders (e.g., MS)

Allergy to any study drugs

Spinal deformities

Sample Size:

30 patients per group, totaling 90 participants

Randomization done using computer-generated numbers

Methodology in Brief:

Participants divided into 3 groups:

Group A: Bupivacaine 0.5%

Group B: Levobupivacaine 0.5%

Group C: Ropivacaine 0.75%

Each patient receives 3 mL of the assigned drug intrathecally.

Sensory and motor block assessed at intervals using:

Pinprick/temperature test for sensory block

Modified Bromage Scale for motor block

Hemodynamic parameters and side effects monitored.

Postoperative pain assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Statistical Analysis:

PSPP software

ANOVA, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and t-tests

Significance level set at p < 0.05