Effect Of The Presence Of Dynapenia On Posture, Spine Muscle Elasticity, Strength And Endurance In Young Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 40
- 主要终点
- Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dynapenia on posture, spinal muscle elasticity, strength and endurance in young adults.
详细描述
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in general health and physical development throughout the life cycle [1]. Skeletal muscle strength and performance are of critical importance in performing daily activities, maintaining mobility, and maintaining general health. Therefore, changes in general muscle strength and performance due to various reasons differentiate muscle contraction quality and neural activation, facilitating for the concept of 'dynapenia' [2,3].
Dynapenia is defined as a decrease in performance and/or strength without loss of muscle mass [4]. Although dynapenia, which facilitates for morbidity and mortality [5,7], is a well-defined condition in the elderly, there is very limited information about its prevalence and causes in young people [8]. Dynapenia, which has many negative effects on quality of life and daily functioning for the general population [9], is considered a form of accelerated muscle aging and can be defined as the "pre-sarcopenia stage" [10].
When other causes of dynapenia are examined in the literature; age and chronic diseases have been emphasized, but it has been overlooked that one of the most important modifiable factors, inadequate physical activity, can facilitate for dynapenia, especially in young people [4]. The COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2020 and the quarantine and similar measures taken subsequently have led to a decrease in physical activity levels in young people and an increase of approximately 28% in daily sitting time [11]. Low physical activity levels and the resulting decrease in muscle strength and performance can facilitate for dynapenia in young individuals [4,12].
Individuals who spend a long time in front of the computer also struggle with many health problems caused by being inactive for a long time, especially in the neck and waist [13,14]. Posture that is disrupted by the side effects of sitting for a long time can cause a decrease in muscle length and/or elasticity in certain groups of muscles [15]. Changes in the muscle also lead to a decrease in muscle strength over time [16,17], which can be an accelerating factor for dynapenia.
In the literature, many studies have addressed postural disorders, spinal muscle elasticity, muscle strength and endurance with the functional strength parameter handgrip strength [18,21], but no study has examined these parameters in young individuals with dynapenia. When deciding on the presence of dynapenia, handgrip strength is the most important parameter that provides information about general muscle strength. However, changes in the spine in individuals with dynapenia, whose handgrip strength and general muscle performance are reduced, have been ignored in the literature.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 25 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being between the ages of 18-25
- •Filling out all the survey questions
排除标准
- •Presence of chronic diseases that may affect the musculoskeletal system (diabetes, heart disease, neurological disorders)
- •Use of medications that may affect muscle functions (corticosteroids, muscle relaxants)
- •Presence of serious musculoskeletal injury within the last six months
- •Presence of surgery and/or pain related to the musculoskeletal system
- •History of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa were defined as exclusion criteria
结局指标
主要结局
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
时间窗: two months
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a method used to evaluate body composition \[30\]. Impedance refers to the resistance of tissue to electric current and is inversely proportional to conductivity. For example, components with high specific resistance such as bone and fat tissue make it difficult for electric current to pass, while components with low resistance such as skeletal muscle and visceral organs can easily conduct electric current. This principle forms the basis of bioelectrical impedance analysis \[31,32\]. Values of \< 8.87 kg/m2 in men and \< 6.42 kg/m2 in women were considered low muscle mass \[9\]. The Tanita BC 401 device will be used in the current study. Participants will be informed before the BIA measurement and will be asked not to drink alcohol for up to 48 hours, not to eat or drink 4 hours before, not to consume tea, coffee and cola for 12 hours before, and not to exercise. In addition, women's measurements will be taken outside of the menstrual period \[33,34\].
Assessment of Muscle Strength
时间窗: two months
Grip strength, will be measured using the JAMAR hand dynamometer and standardized protocol \[37\]. The JAMAR hand dynamometer is a reliable and most widely used measurement tool for measuring static grip strength \[35,38\]. Measurements are based on the principle of compressing two parallel bars. The participant is given a position suitable for holding and grip strength and the evaluation is made \[38,41\]. The needle of the JAMAR Hand Dynamometer can measure up to 90 kg \[37,39,42\]. The person should sit on a seat without arm support, with the arm in adduction and neutral rotation, the elbow in 90-degree flexion and the forearm in a neutral position \[43,44\]. The average of three trials for each hand was used to determine general grip strength. Inadequacy in hand grip strength was determined as less than 20 kg for women and less than 30 kg for men \[45\].
Assessment of Muscle Performance: 4-Meter Walk Test(4-MWT)
时间窗: two months
4-Meter Walk Test(4-MWT): (4-MWT) is a walking speed test that evaluates functional limitations and physical performance. (4-MWT) is a widely used test due to its simplicity and high test-retest reliability \[46\]. Test walking speed is the most commonly used and practical method for evaluating muscle performance in the clinic. A normal value is approximately 3.57 seconds. Additionally, walking speeds of less than 0.8 m/s have been associated with a risk of falling \[46,49\].
Assessment of Muscle Performance: Sit-to-Stand Test(SST)
时间窗: two months
Sit-to-Stand Test(SST): The participant is asked to stand up and sit down completely from a chair for one minute with the arms crossed at chest height from a standard chair height of 45 cm. The number of times the person stands up and sits down completely constitutes the total score \[50\]. During the test, the participant is seated upright on a chair with their feet touching the floor. The person's arms are crossed in front of their chest. The test is started with the command and the number of times the person gets up completely within 30 seconds is recorded. Only a chair and a stopwatch are required for the test. In the evaluations made for young adults, while for men, results below 15 repetitions in the 30-second sit-to-stand test can be considered as poor performance, this limit is determined as 12 repetitions for women \[51\].
次要结局
- Assessment of Posture Angles(two months)
- Evaluation of Spinal Muscle Elasticity(two months)
- Evaluation of The Strength And Endurance of The Spine Stabilization Muscles(two months)
- Measurement of The Strength With The Posterior Pelvic Tilt Movement(two months)
- Transversus Abdominis Strength Measurement(two months)
- Endurance Measurement With Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Strength With Stabilizer(two months)
- Assessment of Core Endurance(two months)
研究者
Aynur Ayazzade
Graduate Student
Atılım University