Effect of the Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin on the Orthodontically Induced Apical Root Resorption Following Non-extraction-based Orthodontic Treatment in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward biologically driven approaches to modulate tissue responses during orthodontic treatment and minimize adverse effects, such as root resorption. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation autologous platelet concentrate, has emerged as a promising biomaterial due to its high concentration of platelets, leukocytes, and a fibrin matrix that allows gradual release of multiple growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). However, in 2014, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF), which is similar to PRF, was introduced in France by Choukroun, using non-glass tubes and adjusting the centrifugal force. Just like traditional PRF, i-PRF contains high levels of growth factors, stem cells, leukocytes, and cytokines.

These growth factors play a crucial role in angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, modulation of inflammation, and bone remodeling, all of which are central processes in orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal healing.