Internet-Delivered Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Added To Multimodal Pain Rehabilitation: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot And Feasibility Trial

The trial is an un-blinded single-center randomized controlled trial with two parallel study groups set at a clinical service in regular care at a University Hospital. An online true random-number service (www.random.org) executed by a research assistant not otherwise involved in the trial, will allocate participants, with 1:1 allocation ratio, upon enrollment. Patients will be recruited from a specialist pain clinic which provides tertiary care (IPRP) for non-malign chronic pain with mild to moderate psychiatric comorbidities and serves as competence center for complex chronic pain in its City Council in southern Sweden. As an active comparator will be used as the control condition, an effect size of d=0.30 (specific component comparator was expected. Given 80 % power and a 5% significance level, the sample size calculation indicated that 90 participants in each group were needed. Considering a 50% dropout rate, a sample size of 135 participants in each group would be sufficient. The study planned to include n=300. Outcome variables will be collected digitally on 4 occasions; at pre and post treatment, at post aftercare intervention and at 1 year follow up. Additional complementary pen-and-paper data will be drawn from a national register (the SQRP) at three occasions; at pre-baseline/enrollment, at post treatment and at 1 year follow up. Outcome measures include psychological outcomes: pain acceptance, psychological inflexibility, self-efficacy, harm/negative effects and psychosocial consequences of living with pain. Also, measures of cost-effectiveness, usability, dose and time spent will be collected. Patients with long pain duration, high pain intensity, overuse of analgesics, alcohol or opioids, social withdrawnness, depression, or previous treatment failures constitute high risk of attrition. Early signs of attrition will be monitored by delayed response frequency. A plan to prevent attrition will be set at the inclusion assessment. As long as participant follow the IPRP through, data will likely be collected and there will be opportunities to discuss or prevent drop-out. Data will be entered and stored digitally. The process is monitored by a responsible research assistant who will also alert the research time of missing data. Access to study data will be restricted to the research team.The two study arms will be compared using parametric methods for data analysis or other methods depending on the robustness of the data. Missing data will be handled depending on the robustness of the data, assessed by Little MCAR test. Intention to treat analysis is an opportunity given the missing is not more than 40 %. Mixed models may be an option given missing data is not random. The steering committee will act as data monitoring committee (the lead investigator excluded) and will decide of interim analyses and execute stopping guidelines. The research assistant responsible for data management will alert the steering committee if collected data on negative experiences of treatment signals that any participant needs additional care related to experiences of the trial. Any modifications to the protocol which may impact on the study, will be agreed on within the research group. These changes will be either documented to be addressed at publication or communicated with the regional Ethical board if needed. Written informed consent will be obtained as pre-measurement are collected. An oral consent will be obtained prior to that, during the assessment interview, whereas participants may ask for further information. All recruited participants will be given an identification number. As little personal information as possible (e.g. only informed consent forms) will be kept locally as the majority of participants' information will be digital, secured with password-protected access systems. The research team members will be given access to the cleaned data set. To ensure confidentiality, data dispersed to project team members will be blinded of any identifying participant information. The steering committee will have access to the un-cleaned data set. Post-trial care will be given by IPRP staff when needed.