Examining the Association Between Psychosocial Factors and Adherence to a Home Exercise Program for Upper Extremity Recovery in Veteran Stroke Survivors

Stroke affects nearly 800,000 people in the United States annually. Around 15,000 Veterans are admitted to Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities per year with stroke, and Veterans attend approximately 60,000 outpatient visits for stroke each year. Upper extremity (UE) impairment is a common consequence of stroke that requires ongoing outpatient visits for treatment. UE impairment reduces individuals' ability to perform activities for self-care, employment, and recreation, thereby diminishing independence and quality of life.

Extensive repetitions of UE activity improve functional recovery of the UE post-stroke. However, the high amount of UE activity necessary for neuroplasticity and functional recovery is not achieved within typical therapy sessions. To circumvent limited time with a therapist, a home exercise program (HEP) is commonly prescribed. Unfortunately, patient adherence to HEP is known to be low,16-19 resulting in poor motor recovery.

Behavioral interventions are effective in improving adherence to medication regimes for people with diabetes and hypertension, as well as for physical activity among older adults. Thus, there is a growing call to provide behavioral interventions within rehabilitation to increase adherence. However, there is no evidence for efficacy of such interventions in stroke rehabilitation, let alone specifically for Veterans. Only one systematic review exists to find that 4 out of 5 randomized controlled trials failed to show statistically significant differences for a behavioral intervention over control in increasing physical activity adherence for stroke survivors among the general population. This result indicates that conventional behavioral interventions are inadequate to address adherence to HEP post-stroke. This is likely because practicing HEP after stroke is more difficult than taking medication, and promoting adherence to HEP post-stroke requires more consideration of individual survivors' psychosocial factors than is needed for medication adherence. Therefore, understanding Veteran stroke survivors' psychosocial factors is the key to developing a behavioral intervention that adequately addresses barriers to increase adherence to HEP and promote recovery.

Study design: The study will be an observational pilot study using a single group of Veteran stroke survivors.

Home exercise program: Participants will be asked to complete a home exercise program consisting of upper extremity movement to meet a daily activity goal measured by a wrist-worn tracker (like a smartwatch).