Effects of Mindfulness Practice and E-health Information Push on E-health Literacy, Media Literacy, Food Literacy, and Mindfulness Skills Among University Students in Macau

eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS)

时间窗: From enrollment to the end of intervention at 8 weeks, and a 4-week follow up

This scale is designed to assess an individual's perceived comprehensive ability to use information technology to solve health-related problems, which includes skills such as searching for, evaluating, and applying online health information. Based on the e-Health Literacy Model, the scale covers six core competencies: traditional literacy, health literacy, information literacy, scientific literacy, media literacy, and computer literacy. The scale consists of 8 core items, from question 3 to question 10, each rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The total score is calculated only for the core items, with a possible range of 8 to 40 points. The scale demonstrates high internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach's α of 0.88. The unidimensional structure is stable, with principal component analysis explaining 56% of the variance and factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.84.

Media Health Literacy Scale (MeHLit)

时间窗: From enrollment to the end of intervention at 8 weeks, and a 4-week follow up

This scale is designed to assess adults' abilities to interpret health-related information in the media. Its design is based on an integrated framework combining health literacy and media literacy. The final version of the scale consists of 21 items, divided into five dimensions: Goal Appraisal Skills, Content Appraisal Skills, Implied Meaning Appraisal Skills, Visual Comprehension Skills, and Audience Appraisal Skills. Scoring is conducted using a 5-point Likert scale: Never (0 points) to Always (4 points). The total score is the sum of all item scores, ranging from 0 to 84 points. The scale demonstrates excellent content validity, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.93 and a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.87. Exploratory Factor Analysis extracted a 5-factor structure that explains 60.25% of the total variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated a good model fit (RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.93). The overall scale's Cronbach's α is 0.91.

Food Literacy Evaluation Questionnaire (Chinese version, FLEQ-Ch)

时间窗: From enrollment to the end of intervention at 8 weeks, and a 4-week follow up

This scale is designed to assess the food literacy of Chinese residents. The questionnaire was adapted from the original FLEQ (Food Literacy Evaluation Questionnaire) and consists of 15 items divided into three main dimensions: Planning and Management, Selection, and Preparation. The "Planning and Management" dimension includes 7 items evaluating participants' ability to plan meals in advance, create shopping lists, include all food groups in meals, consider healthy choices, manage funds for purchasing healthy foods, and learn ways to access healthy foods. Scoring ranges from 0 (Never) to 3 (Always). The total score ranges from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating higher levels of food literacy. The FLEQ-Ch demonstrates good psychometric properties, with internal consistency ranging from 0.869 to 0.955 and test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from 0.941 to 0.952.

Assessment Tools for Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Abilities

时间窗: From enrollment to the end of intervention at 8 weeks, and a 4-week follow up

The tasks used in this study to assess critical thinking and decision-making abilities were executed using E-Prime 3.0 software (Psychology Software Tools, Inc.) for stimulus presentation and response data collection. E-Prime is widely used in psychological and behavioral research, with its key advantage being the ability to control the presentation timing and duration of visual and auditory stimuli with millisecond precision, while simultaneously recording participants' response times and accuracy rates. It shows potential for application in measuring critical thinking and decision-making abilities in the health domain. These two abilities are crucial for effective personal health management. Although E-Prime is not specifically designed to measure critical thinking and decision-making skills, its functionality is more oriented toward executing experimental tasks. It can indirectly assess cognitive processes related to these abilities.