The Effects of Snack Size and Variety on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Behavior in Healthy Adults.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 31
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Ad libitum Snack Energy Intake
研究概览
简要总结
The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to obese adults that will test whether snack size, choice, or variety has an influence on daily snack intake.
Aim 1: To validate the in-house packout methodology with 3-day dietary recalls. Aim 2: To examine whether snack variety or snack package size will influence free-living snacking behavior.
Aim 3: To identify whether a correlation exists between mindful eating and free-living snacking behavior.
详细描述
Participants will complete 4 different snack patterns. Each pattern will include 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (i.e., Monday/Wednesday/Friday; Tuesday/Thursday/Monday, etc.). The snack patterns will be performed at home/work.
The first pattern will simply be a measurement of typical snack habits. For each of the 3 days, the participant will enter all foods and beverages consumed using the online program, Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA-24).
For the other 3 patterns, different snack packouts will be provided to the participant for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays/pattern. The only difference between the packouts is the type of foods provided. The packouts contain commercially available foods commonly eaten by people who snack. Following lunch, the participant will be permitted to eat as much or as little as he/she chooses from the packout until going to bed. Beverages will not be provided and the participant could drink whatever he/she typically consumes.
For all patterns, the participant will be provided with a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner to consume at home/work for each of the 3 days/pattern.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 55 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •age range 18-55 y
- •normal weight to overweight/obese (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)
- •healthy, non-diabetic
- •not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
- •non-smoking (for the past 6 months)
- •not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- •habitually eat afternoon/evening snacks at least 4 days/week
排除标准
- •Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- •Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite
- •Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
- •Gained/lost >10 lb. over the past 6 months
- •Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 3 months)
- •Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures
研究组 & 干预措施
Control
For 3 days during the control snack pattern, the participants will be asked to complete dietary recalls concerning their afternoon and evening snacking behavior. The participants will use the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) system which was developed by the National Cancer Institute.
Standard Packout
This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch.
干预措施: Packout (Behavioral)
Large Package Packout
This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that the package sizes of all the foods are larger (though food amount remains the same).
干预措施: Packout (Behavioral)
Variety Packout
This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that there is about twice as much snack variety (though food amount remains the same).
干预措施: Packout (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Ad libitum Snack Energy Intake
时间窗: 12 testing days across ~4-6 weeks
Free-living energy intake will be assessed on the three testing days of each testing arm. For the control testing days, the participant will be provided with a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and will be required to log any snacks consumed on the Automated Self-Administered Recall System (ASA24). For each pack-out testing day, the participant will be provided a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as an excess of snacks to consume, ad libitum, throughout the day. All food items will be initially weighed and recorded. The participants will be instructed to return all uneaten foods as well as all wrappers and containers from consumed food. Any partially eaten, returned items will be weighed accordingly. The snacking and daily energy intake (as well as protein, carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and fat intake) will be assessed from these pack-outs.
Ad libitum Food Category Intake
时间窗: 9 testing days across ~3-5 weeks
Free-living food category intake will be assessed on the three testing days of each packout. The participant will be provided a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as an excess of snacks to consume, ad libitum, throughout the day. All food items will be initially weighed and recorded. The participants will be instructed to return all uneaten foods as well as all wrappers and containers from consumed food. Any partially eaten, returned items will be weighed accordingly. The snack intake of different food categories (i.e. desserts and candy, salty, high fat, high sugar, fruits and vegetables) will be assessed from these pack-outs.
次要结局
- Intuitive Eating Score (1-5)(Baseline (at beginning of study))
研究者
Heather Leidy
Associate Professor
Purdue University