Effects of Lactobacillus Paracasei PS23 on Anti-fatigue

The Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Test

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed, In this study, this assessment was performed before and 24 and 48h after the exhaustive exercise program.

The CMJ test is a practical, effective, reliable, and simple method of measuring lower limb strength, which is related to the maximum speed, strength and explosive force of the lower limbs. For this test, participants stood on the Kistler force measurement platform (9260AA, Kistler Co., Ltd., Switzerland) on both feet and performed to inspection. During the test, they were asked to put their hands on their hips and remain on the platform. After that, they were asked to squat down until the knees bent 90 degrees and then to immediately jump as high as possible. The average power (MF), were recorded during the jump. Each participant repeated the test 3 times, and CMJ data were obtained at the designated points. The instrument was calibrated for each individual's weight.

Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP)

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed. This assessment was performed before and 24 and 48h after the exhaustive exercise program.

Customized IMTP test equipment and two force plates (type 9287BA, Kistler Instruments AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) were used. All participants stood with their feet the same width apart, and the rod was placed between the thighs, with the torso upright, the spine neutral, and the knee and hip angles at 140°, to familiarize the participants with the IMPT test method. The average absolute peak force (PF) were recorded.

Stress assessment - difference of Testosterone level

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed

To assess inflammation indicators, volunteers fasted for at least 8 hours before performing muscle exhaustion exercises. At designated time points in the recovery period, including baseline (0) and 3h, 24h, and 48 after exercise, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human Testosterone (Cayman, Mich, USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis Male 265-923 (in ng/dl) Female 15-70 (in ng/dl) for 19 years and older

Difference in Clinical Biochemistry of CK level

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed, including baseline (0) and 3h, 24h, and 48 after exercise

To assess inflammation indicators, volunteers fasted for at least 8 hours before performing muscle exhaustion exercises. At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Assess serum CK(Creatine Kinase, U/L) to monitor physiological fitness. Serum CK (U/L), were assessed for monitoring physiological adaptation. All biochemical indices were assessed using an autoanalyzer (Hitachi 7060, Tokyo, Japan).

Difference of Muscle damage - blood level of myoglobin

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed, including baseline (0) and 3h, 24h, and 48 after exercise

To assess Muscle damage such as myoglobin (Female:14.3\~65.8, Male:17.4\~105.7) Volunteers fasted for at least 8 hours before performing muscle exhaustion exercises. At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human myoglobin (Cayman, Mich, USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis

Oxidative stress assessment - blood of MDA level

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed

comparing blood levels of oxidative markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Difference in Oxidative stress - blood level of CRP

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed, including baseline (0) and 3h, 24h, and 48 after exercise

To assess inflammation indicators, volunteers fasted for at least 8 hours before performing muscle exhaustion exercises. At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human CRP (Cayman, Mich, USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis

Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT)

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed

After a standard warm-up, all subjects were assessed with the classical WAnT on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden) in a 30 s "go all out" ultramax test. The seat height was adjusted to the satisfaction of each participant, and toe clips prevented the feet from slipping off the pedals. Before the initial test, the subjects warmed up for 5 min, and the power was approximately 50 W. After the warm-up, two preparation exercises lasting 3 s, during which the actual test load was 3% of their own body weight, were applied to accustom the participant to resistance. The test started, and the resistance was set on the friction belt of the dynamometer. External loading was estimated individually at 5% body weight. The recorded results were the relative mean power (W/kg), relative peak power (W/kg), and fatigue index (%). This assessment was performed before and 24 and 72 h after the exhaustive exercise program.

Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP)

时间窗: From Baseline to 6 Weeks Assessed

Customized IMTP test equipment and two force plates (type 9287BA, Kistler Instruments AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) were used. All participants stood with their feet the same width apart, and the rod was placed between the thighs, with the torso upright, the spine neutral, and the knee and hip angles at 140°, to familiarize the participants with the IMPT test method. The average absolute peak force (PF), relative peak force (N/Kg), rate of force development (RFD), peak rate of force development (pRFD), time to peak force (TPF) and time to peak rate of force development (TPRFD) parameters were recorded. This assessment was performed before and 24 and 48h after the exhaustive exercise program.