Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Endurance Performance Under Pressure and Performance-Relevant Mental Attributes an Interdisciplinary Perspective
概览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 干预措施
- MBPP
- 疾病 / 适应症
- Mindfulness
- 发起方
- National Taiwan Normal University
- 入组人数
- 97
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Subjective stress responses
- 状态
- 已完成
- 最后更新
- 上个月
概览
简要总结
The primary aim of this study is to conduct a well-designed trial to investigate the effect of an MBI program entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) on endurance performance under pressure from an interdisciplinary approach of sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience. The secondary aim is to examine the effect of MBPP program on performance-relevant mental attributes in behavioral and neurocognitive assessments.
The present study hypothesizes that the MBPP and self-talk groups will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP is expected to show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, we expect the MBPP will improve the relevant mental attributes.
详细描述
Considering that increased competition levels are typically accompanied by elevated stress and anxiety, athletes' ability to cope with stress has gained even more importance in recent years. Growing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing stress and enhancing athletic performance; however, its effectiveness remains a matter of debate and limitations due to absence of more rigorous designs, ecological validity, and randomized controlled trials. Accordingly, the current trial, entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP), will take an interdisciplinary approach (e.g., sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience), to more definitively examine whether a tailored mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) affects athletic performance under pressure and relevant mental attributes. Specifically, this study is an 8-week, three-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT), and eligible participants will be randomly assigned into (1) an MBPP group (MBPP), (2) a self-talk group (ST), and (3) a wait-list control group (WC). The primary outcomes (e.g., endurance performance under pressure, performance-relevant mental attributes) and secondary outcomes (e.g., dispositional mindfulness, sports psychological skills) will be assessed before and after intervention. The MBPP and ST are expected that will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP might show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, MBPP is expected that will improve performance-relevant mental attributes. The results from this trial might provide rigorous evidence and insight into MBI application in the sports context.
研究者
入排标准
入选标准
- •Aged between 18 and 30 years
- •Normal or corrected-to-normal 20/20 vision
- •No red-green color blindness
- •Able to speak and read Chinese
- •Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) score = 0
- •With one of the designated sport proficiencies (i.e., middle-long running, marathon, triathlon)
- •No previous major experience in mindfulness-related training (e.g., meditation or Tai Chi)
- •Provide informed consent
排除标准
- •Diagnosed or self-reported cognitive problems
- •The diagnosed or self-reported physical disease (e.g., untreated hypertension and chronic heart disease, stroke, brain tumor, musculoskeletal disorders, other exercise contradictions)
- •Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)
- •History of alcohol or drug abuse
- •Unwillingness to be randomized to one of the three groups
- •Currently participating in another study trial
研究组 & 干预措施
MBPP group
The Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) program consists of eight 60-min training sessions, once weekly for 8 weeks, which aim to enhance human performance.
干预措施: MBPP
Self-talk group
The self-talk intervention serving as the active control group will be included in the current trial. In line with the MBPP intervention, the self-talk intervention is also designed to enhance athletic performance, and will consist of eight 60-min meaningful sessions, once per week for eight weeks.
干预措施: Self-talk
Waiting-list control
The participants in waiting-list control group are advised to maintain their everyday lifestyles and regular training. Once the participants in WC finish the experiment, they will be invited to participate in one of the 8-week interventions (i.e., MBPP or ST) based upon their preference.
结局指标
主要结局
Subjective stress responses
时间窗: 5 minutes for each assessment
The participants' subjective perception of stress will be assessed via the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) (Wang and Chung, 2016) modified from the original version of STAI (Spielberger et al., 1971). The state subscale of the STAI will be the index of state anxiety influenced by pressure manipulation.
Executive function: Change in accuracy
时间窗: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The executive function in terms of accuracy will also be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Change in attention
时间窗: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The attention will be measured by event-related potential while Stroop Test.
Endocrine stress responses
时间窗: 1 minutes for each sampling
Before and after pressure manipulation, and after endurance performance measure, stress responses of endocrine assessments will be assessed. Specifically, salivary cortisol (sCort) and salivary alpha-amylases (sAA) will be collected using the commercially available sampling devices.
Change in emotion regulation
时间窗: 10 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The Chinese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (C-DERS) modified from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) will be used to assess emotional regulation. C-DERS is a 36-item self-reported questionnaire to measure the six facets of emotional regulation (i.e., awareness, clarity, impulse, goal, non-acceptance, and strategies). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always).
Endurance performance: Change in time to exhaustion
时间窗: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Time to exhaustion (TTE) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Endurance performance: Change in maximum oxygen consumption
时间窗: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a computerized indirect calorimetry system throughout the whole graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Change in brain resting state
时间窗: 8 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The frequency domain of electroencephalography (EEG) will also be recorded during the resting state at baseline and post-intervention.
Executive function: Change in reaction time
时间窗: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The executive function in terms of reaction time will be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Engagement
时间窗: 5 minutes at the Post-Assessment
Participants' engagement will be an adherence score calculated by addition of the Z scores for overall participant attendance of MBPP/ST sessions and a Z score for overall participant minutes spent on home practice, then divided by the total Z scores. Researchers will record the attendance of each participant in MBPP or ST programs.
次要结局
- General dispositional mindfulness(5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment)
- Athletic dispositional mindfulness(5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment)
- Athletic psychological skills(5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment)