Correlation Between Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index and Serum Lactate in Poly-trauma Patients in Emergency Unite

Polytrauma is defined as the presence of multiple traumatic injuries that may cause systemic physiological derangements and life-threatening conditions. Hypovolemia from blood loss is a major cause of death in polytrauma patients, and traditional methods of volume assessment like blood pressure and heart rate are frequently late indicators and may be deceptive due to compensatory mechanisms. Early identification of these causes is essential for prompt intervention.The non-invasive ultrasound-based Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index (IVC-CI), which offers information on intravascular volume status, is one such tool. Variations in the IVC's width throughout the respiratory cycle are reflected in the IVC collapsibility index. A high degree of collapsibility in patients who are breathing on their own usually denotes low central venous pressure and potential hypovolemia. The use of IVC measures as a stand-in for preload evaluation and fluid responsiveness has been validated by numerous studies, particularly in emergency and critical care situations.

The primary sources of lactate, the conjugate base of lactic acid, are red blood cells and muscles during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is limited). It is created when the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) transforms pyruvate, the byproduct of glycolysis, into lactate; Serum lactate is a known indicator of tissue hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism, and elevated lactate levels are commonly seen in individuals with repeated injuries due to tissue hypoxia. Higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations in intensive care have all been linked to trauma patients with elevated lactate levels [3,4].

Given that both IVC-CI and serum lactate levels are reflective of hemodynamic compromise, exploring a potential correlation between them in polytrauma patients is clinically relevant. If a reliable relationship is established, bedside ultrasound of the IVC could serve as a fast, real-time indicator of systemic hypoperfusion, offering a complementary or even alternative assessment when laboratory lactate measurements are delayed or unavailable.

Additionally, because point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is quick, non-invasive, and repeatable, its use in trauma procedures has been growing. Because of this, emergency physicians who want to make quick but well-informed judgments during the critical period of trauma care will find the IVC-CI especially appealing [6]. Finding relationships between biochemical indicators such as lactate and ultrasonographic results may offer a more thorough method of patient assessment, facilitating more effective triage and resuscitation techniques. The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between serum lactate levels and the Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index in patients with polytrauma who arrive at the emergency room. Developing this connection could help improve prognostication in this high-risk population and optimize early resuscitation procedures.