Childcare Outdoor Learning Environments as Active Food Systems: Effectiveness of the Preventing Obesity by Design (POD) Gardening Component

Change in mean vegetable knowledge 6-item, measured by pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening.

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Measured by presenting child with an image of each of 6 vegetables on a tablet screen and asking the child if he/she knows (Y/N) the vegetable. Pictorial questionnaire based on Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20. Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini. Same vegetables were planted in the garden.

Change in fruit consumption, measured by mean weight of 6 snack-time fruit consumed after 5 months of gardening

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Objective measurement of grams of fruit consumed during snack time data collection. Store-bought, standard pieces of fruits offered on individual segmented trays (6" x 12"). Each tray is labeled with a child's ID number. Six fruits (approximately 50gr/each are served). The measure is based on the Fruit \& Vegetable Snack Tool, Witt KE, Dunn C. Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(2):107-113. Fruit servings are weighed in grams before and after the snack consumption session to the nearest .01gr. Fruits offered for consumption are the same as shown on pictorial tablet questionnaires (knowledge and liking) and planted in the intervention gardens except for apple that takes too long to produce fruit. Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon.

Change in mean fruit knowledge 6-item, measured by pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening.

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Measured by presenting child with an image of each of 6 fruit on a tablet screen and asking the child if he/she knows (Y/N) the fruit. Pictorial questionnaire based on Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20. Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon. Same fruits were planted in the garden except for apple that takes too long to produce fruit

Change in vegetable consumption, measured by mean weight of six snack-time vegetables consumed after 5 months of gardening

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Objective measurement of grams of vegetable consumed during snack time data collection. Store-bought, standard pieces of vegetables offered on individual segmented trays (6" x 12"). Each tray is labeled with a child's ID number. Six vegetables (approximately 50gr/each) are served. The measure is based on the Fruit \& Vegetable Snack Tool, Witt KE, Dunn C. Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(2):107-113. Vegetable servings are weighed in grams before and after the snack consumption session to the nearest .01gr. Vegetables offered for consumption are the same shown on pictorial tablet questionnaires (knowledge and liking) and planted in the intervention gardens. Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini.

Change in mean vegetable liking 6-item, measured by 5-point face scale pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening.

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Measured by presenting child with an image of each of the 6 vegetables (one by one) on a tablet screen and asking she/he to indicate whether the vegetable is super yummy, yummy, just okay, yucky, super yucky by pointing at a one of 5 non-gendered faces representing a 5-point scale of liking. This age-appropriate measure is based upon Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20. Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini. Same vegetables were planted in the garden.

Change in physical activity level (percent of day at sedentary, moderate, and vigorous levels), measured by Actigraph GT3x+ after 5 months of gardening activities.

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Children wear Actigraph GT3x+ accelerometers for three consecutive days during same weeks of Outcome 1 - 6 data collection in April (before garden installation) and August (end of garden season) each study year. Minutes of sedentary (\< 8.3 counts/5 sec), light (8.4-191 counts/5 sec), moderate (192-334 counts/5 sec), and vigorous (≥335 counts/5 sec) physical activity is computed based on METS. The measure is based on Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, Ondrak KS, McMurray RG. Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(14):1557-1565. doi:10.1080/02640410802334196

Change in mean fruit liking 6-item, measured by 5-point scale pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening.

时间窗: Change from baseline to 5 months

Measured by presenting child with an image of each of the 6 fruit (one by one) on a tablet screen and asking she/he to indicate whether the fruit is super yummy, yummy, just okay, yucky, super yucky by pointing at one of 5 non-gendered faces representing a 5-point scale of liking. This age-appropriate measure is based upon Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20. Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon. Same fruits were planted in the garden except for apple that takes too long to produce fruit.