Effect of music therapy on hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia: A randomized controlled study

In this research there will be 2 groups, one in which we will apply headphones and play Raga Hamsadhwan, which is an instrumental flute, will be group M, and another group, C, in which we will apply only ambient noise-cancelling headphones.

Baseline anxiety A0 and hemodynamic parameters, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation T0 will be measured.

After 10 minutes of music therapy, we will again assess the anxiety level A1 and hemodynamic parameters, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation T1

We will shift the patient to the operating theatre with headphones on and induce the patient with standard general anaesthesia using propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium.

We will intubate the patient with direct laryngoscopy and measure the hemodynamic parameters immediately and at 2-minute intervals for 10 minutes for stress response to intubation and every 5 minutes thereafter.

Maintain the depth of anaesthesia with isofluran,e oxyge, nitrous oxide, and an intraoperative bolus of fentanyl and vecuronium, and maintain a BIS of 40-60

Then we will extubate the patient post-surgery after achieving a TOF ratio of 0.9 and adequate signs of neuromuscular monitoring

We will stop the music which was playing intraoperatively only after extubation

We will also take blood samples for S. cortisol at baseline pre-operative, 2 min post-intubation and 4 hours post-intubation to compare levels of stress response along with anxiety and hemodynamic parameters