The Effects of a Healthy Nutrition Program and Virtual Reality Applications on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Female Individuals.

Physical inactivity is one of the main causes of many diseases. The development of technology causes some activities in daily life not to be performed and physical activity to decrease. Many diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are more common in inactive and sedentary individuals.

In order to maintain body weight in sedentary individuals, the energy intake and expenditure must be equal. Today, mechanized social life reduces physical activity and keeps the energy that needs to be spent in the body, and this accumulation negatively affects the balance of energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the increased consumption of highly processed food and beverages has caused changes in the world's diet. The main changes observed include imbalance in energy intake, change in eating frequency, and faster production and consumption of food. Obesity is not only among adults due to the decrease in physical activity in the world and in our country, the time spent in front of the television and computer reaching serious levels, high-energy - high-fat foods becoming more accessible and cheaper, and the rapid increase in industrial food production that is rich in salt but poor in fiber and vitamins; It is also seen among children and adolescents.

The most commonly used method today in the management of body composition of healthy individuals is the implementation of physical activity along with healthy nutrition (diet). Application of diet along with physical activity creates significant changes in body composition (fat ratio, muscle mass, lean body mass, etc.). Physical activity can be done with traditional physical activity methods or with virtual reality applications.

Virtual reality is a simulation or metaversal aspect of a real environment created by a computer or other various electronic devices that allows one or more users to interact with certain elements in a simulated virtual framework through a human-machine interface. Virtual reality applications are generally classified as immersive and non-immersive virtual reality . In immersive virtual reality, the user's interaction with the real world is usually limited by using virtual reality glasses. In non-immersive virtual reality, the user can manipulate the avatars on the screen, thanks to sensors that detect body movements, in order to maintain their connection with the outside world. Non-immersive virtual reality applications generally include a display, a receiving sensor, and a main application device. Commercial games such as Sony Playstation, Microsoft Kinect Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii can be given as examples of non-immersive virtual reality.

It has been observed that the use of virtual reality applications as a rehabilitation approach in various diseases has increased over the last 2 decades. It is seen to be used in areas such as stroke rehabilitation, various psychotherapy applications, improving physical fitness and improving body composition. Physical activity and nutrition are one of the few consistent factors associated with body composition. In addition to the diet program, different exercise practices can be recommended to maintain body weight. In the literature, many studies involving diet, physical activity, or combinations of these two practices have been experimentally planned and carried out in a controlled manner. In these studies, moderate body weight losses (1-5 kg) were reported only with physical activity . It is a general opinion that a healthy nutrition program, in addition to planned physical activity (exercise), provides more effective and healthy results than people who lose weight with diet programs or exercise alone. Just as body composition and physical fitness improve thanks to diet practices, it has been stated in previous studies that changes in body composition are also observed thanks to virtual reality-based physical activity applications. However, since access to virtual reality applications is not very easy, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether they should be included in programs to improve general body composition and physical fitness.