Integrated Model for the Prevention of Anal Cancer Using Screen and Treat for High-grade Intraepithelial Lesions (IMPACT)

In Aim 1, anal cancer screening and treatment based on standard training protocols of how to screen and treat high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) to prevent anal cancer as developed in high-income settings will be conducted. Investigators will identify barriers and facilitators with learning the procedure with standard training using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). In Aim 2, Investigators will identify strategies to modify the standard training to improve learning on a complicated procedure using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework. An implementation science committee will co-design and develop an enhanced training on Screening and Treatment of HSIL (e-STH) by matching the barriers identified with CFIR with strategies in ERIC. Investigators will then take an iterative improvement approach to test and refine the implementation of the enhanced training intervention to ensure that HSIL screening and treatment is readily adopted and maintained as part of HIV care. In Aim 3 (CLINICAL TRIAL AIM), Investigators will conduct a Hybrid Type 2 trial using an interrupted time series design to monitor and evaluate outcomes along the implementation continuum. The trial will be conducted at a single clinic to minimize variability. The participant (Physician) will have a pre-period of HSIL screening and treatment for 12 months after standard training. Next, investigators will roll out e-STH for 6 months. Then there will be a post-period of screening for 12 months to evaluate the impact of e-STH. Lastly, there will be 6 months of screening and treatment with minimal involvement of the investigative team to evaluate sustainability.

The study will compare e-STH to standard training in proportion of HSIL detected and treated with secondary outcomes evaluating reach, efficacy, implementation, and sustainability.