The Effect of Breathing Interventions on Biomarkers of Stress and Cognitive Performance Following a Psychologically Stressful Task
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 66
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Cognitive Challenge
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of different breathing techniques on biomarkers of stress and cognitive performance following the Trier Social Stress Test.
详细描述
This study examined the effect of three various breathing techniques (i.e., normal breathing, prolonged exhalation, and box breathing) on biomarkers of stress and mental performance after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The TSST has been shown to result in significant increases in psychological and physiological stress markers. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine potential interventions to mitigate the effects of this psychological stressor while maintaining increased cognitive performance. Moreover, previous literature has shown various effects of breathing interventions, therefore, the investigators wished to further validate breathing techniques as an effective tool to mitigate stress and increase cognitive performance. The data from this research provided insight to real life events, allowing for a principal understanding of how to reduce stress, focused at first responder populations.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 39 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Generally healthy
- •Between the ages of 18-39,
- •Student at Texas State.
排除标准
- •Any known cardiovascular or metabolic disease
- •Consuming any medication for psychiatric disorders (i.e., anxiety, depression, ADHD)
- •Being diagnosed with any psychiatric or physical conditions
- •Any major stressors in the last 30 days (i.e., birth of a child, abortion, divorce).
结局指标
主要结局
Cognitive Challenge
时间窗: 20 minutes prior to TSST start and immediately post TSST.
Subjects participated in a 1 minute familiarization for the Stroop Color Word Challenge, followed by a full 2 minute Stroop Color Word challenge. Immediately following the Stroop, subjects then participated in a 2 minute mental arithmetic. The Stroop consisted of conflicting color-word fonts, and the subject had to choose the correct font color: subjects had .5 seconds to respond to each answer utilizing a color coordinated keypad. The mental arithmetic consisted of a series of mathematical problems (i.e., one, two, or three digit addition and subtraction). If subjects got an answer wrong for the mental math, a buzzer would sound.
Heart Rate
时间窗: HR was recorded 4 times, during each saliva sample collection period
Heart rate was recorded immediately prior to each saliva sample using the same tools to record the HRV measure. The Polar H10 and HRVTrace app was utilized to record a Heart rate measure 4 times throughout the study.
State Anxiety Inventory (SAI)
时间窗: Timepoint 1-4, 40 minutes pre, 10 minutes pre, immediately post, 25 minutes post.
The SAI is a 6 question survey on a 24 point scale, asking the subject to record how they feel. Questions asked were "I am calm", "I am tense", "I am worried", "I am relaxed", etc. Subjects were asked to fill this out 4 times throughout the study, alongside the HR and saliva samples.
Heart rate variability
时间窗: HRV was recorded immediately following the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th saliva samples.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was measured three times over the course of the study in order to measure responses to stress. A Polar H10 monitor was used, alongside the HRVTrace app to record the three measures. Each HRV measurement was 7 minutes, and required the subjects to sit quietly and watch a standardized nature video.
Secretory Immunoglobin-A
时间窗: 40 minutes prior to modified TSST start, 10 minutes prior to modified TSST start, immediately post modified TSST, and 25 minutes post TSST
SIgA is a marker of immune function and salivary SIgA concentrations tend to increase when exposed to stress
Salivary Alpha Amylase
时间窗: 40 minutes prior to modified TSST start, 10 minutes prior to modified TSST start, immediately post modified TSST, and 25 minutes post TSST
salivary alpha amylase is an enzyme involved in digestive processes. Amylase concentration in saliva have been shown to reflect sympathetic stress. Thus, as sympathetic stress increases, salivary amylase concentrations tend to increase.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Matt McAllister
Associate Professor
Texas State University