The Effect of Reward on Cognitive Functioning, Motor Skills, and Motivation in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 67
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Visuo-Constructional Ability task
研究概览
简要总结
This interventional study aimed to aimed to evaluate the effects of rewards on cognitive function, motor skills, and motivation in 8- to 10-year-old children with ADHD following 3- and 6-week interventions.
详细描述
Research problem: children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are inattentive and distractible, which often makes it difficult for physiotherapists to keep them interested, as prolonged activity often causes boredom.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of reward on cognitive function, motor skills and motivation in 8-10 year old children with ADHD after 3 and 6 week interventions.
Objectives of the study:
1. To compare the cognitive function of children receiving conventional physiotherapy with that of children receiving reward therapy. 2. To compare the motor skills of the children receiving conventional physiotherapy with those of the children receiving the reward. 3. To compare the motivation of children receiving conventional physiotherapy with that of children receiving rewards.
The hypothesis of the study is that exercise with rewards improves cognitive function, motor skills and motivation better than conventional physiotherapy in children aged 8 to 10 years with attention deficit disorder.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
Reword group did not know about conventional PT group and vice versa.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 8 Years 至 10 Years（Child）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by a neurologist;
- •male gender;
- •age between 8 and 10 years.
- •ability to read and write;
- •patient's willingness to attend physiotherapy sessions;
排除标准
- •claustrophobia;
- •neurological disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome);
- •chronic medical conditions (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases);
- •previous treatment for ADHD (e.g., pharmacological therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy) within the last six months;
- •Medication use.
研究组 & 干预措施
Conventional outpatient PT group (n=30).
Conventional outpatient PT group received typical physical exercises with duration of 6 weeks
干预措施: Conventional Physiotherapy group (Other)
Reward-based PT group
This group received reward based virtual reality exercises with duration of 6 weeks. Reward was extra exercises using virtual reality
干预措施: Reward based physiotherapy group (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Visuo-Constructional Ability task
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
Number of successful attempts and duration (in seconds) was recorded
Static balance
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
was assessed with The Abili Balance Analyzer platform. The software associated with the platform provided an overall stability index based on the tests conducted: Very Good: 0.8; Good: 0.8 to 1.8; Poor: \>1.8.
Easy figural memory task
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.
Attention task with spatial numbers
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.
Hard figural memory task
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.
Attention task with spatial figures
时间窗: At baseline and after 6 weeks
Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.
次要结局
- Pediatric motivation Scale (PMot)(At baseline and after 6 weeks)
研究者
Vilma Dudoniene
assoc. prof. dr.
Lithuanian Sports University