Music Therapy and Its Effects on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Alpha Wave Activity (EEG)
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of the research is to explore the effects of music therapy on premenstrual syndrome and its symptoms. The goal of this study is to answer the following research questions:
- Will the passive music listening group and music therapy group (singing and instrumental playing) have a different effect on the physiological responses (EMG, skin conductance, and heart rate) of college students with PMS?
- Will the passive music listening group and music therapy group (singing and instrumental playing) have a different effect on the brain wave (EEG) of college students with PMS?
- Will the passive music listening group and music therapy group (singing and instrumental playing) have a different effect on the anxiety level of college students with PMS?
- Will the passive music listening group and music therapy group (singing and instrumental playing) have a different effect on the pain perception of college students with PMS?
- How do college students with PMS respond after listening to music, singing, and instrumental playing?
Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a passive music-listening group, an active singing group, or an active instrumental-playing group. Physiological responses were collected before, during, and after the intervention. Participants who volunteered completed a written survey following the intervention.
详细描述
Upon IRB approval for this research, an email invitation was distributed to a private university in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) was used to screen participants to measure the severity of PMS symptoms. PMSS consists of 44 items and has nine sub-dimensions: depressive sensation, anxiety, fatigue, nervousness, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes, and sleep pattern. Each item is scored, and a high score indicates intense PMS symptoms. Demographic questions were followed to identify participants' background information, including their musical background, age, and general symptoms of PMS. Once participants were recruited, they were randomly assigned into three groups. The participants in the listening group listened to 30 minutes of meditative music, while the playing and singing groups utilized 30 minutes of either the listening or singing of preferred music led by a music therapy student under a certified music therapist's supervision. Each participant scheduled an appointment with a student music therapist within ten days of their menstrual period. This experiment will consist of several pre-, during, and post-tests. First, participants received an electroencephalogram (EEG) test to measure the electrical activities in their brains through the Biofeedback ProComp Infinity System with BioGraph Infiniti Software-T7500M. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the electrical activity of the participant's muscle tension using this equipment. In addition, respiratory rate, heart rate, and temperature were measured. Additionally, the participants completed both an anxiety self-report (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and a pain perception self-report pre-and post-test. Finally, 10 participant completed a qualitative questionnaire survey only for their post-test.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Participants were biologically female individuals who reported experiencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the initial survey and were currently in their menstrual cycle. Only those who were 7-10 days prior to the onset of their period were eligible to participate in the intervention.
排除标准
- •Individuals who identify as transgender women
结局指标
主要结局
Alpha Wave Activity (EEG)
时间窗: It was a one-time intervention on the same day (day 1), each participant with assessments immediately before the intervention (baseline), during the intervention, and immediately after the intervention (post-test).
Alpha wave activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG) via the Biofeedback ProComp Infinity System BioGraph Infiniti Software (T7500M). Alpha amplitude was reported in microvolts (µV) to assess relaxation-related brain activity.
Muscle Tension (EMG)
时间窗: It was a one-time intervention on the same day (day 1), each participant with assessments immediately before the intervention (baseline), during the intervention, and immediately after the intervention (post-test).
Muscle tension was assessed using electromyography (EMG) recorded with the Biofeedback ProComp Infinity System BioGraph Infiniti Software (T7500M). EMG amplitude was reported in microvolts (µV).
Heart Rate
时间窗: It was a one-time intervention on the same day (day 1), each participant with assessments immediately before the intervention (baseline), during the intervention, and immediately after the intervention (post-test)
Heart rate was recorded using the Biofeedback ProComp Infinity System BioGraph Infiniti Software (T7500M) and reported in beats per minute (bpm).
Skin Conductance (SC)
时间窗: It was a one-time intervention on the same day (day 1), each participant with assessments immediately before the intervention (baseline), during the intervention, and immediately after the intervention (post-test).
Skin conductance(SC) was recorded using the Biofeedback ProComp Infinity System BioGraph Infiniti Software (T7500M) to evaluate autonomic arousal. Data was expressed in microsiemens (µS).
Anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI)
时间窗: This was a one-time intervention conducted on Day 1. Each participant completed assessments at baseline (pre-intervention, prior to physiological measurements) and immediately post-intervention (following completion of physiological measurements).
Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Scores were reported as units on a scale from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Pain Perception
时间窗: This was a one-time intervention conducted on Day 1. Each participant completed assessments at baseline (pre-intervention, prior to physiological measurements) and immediately post-intervention (following completion of physiological measurements).
Pain perception was measured using a self-report questionnaire. Scores were reported on a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived pain intensity.
次要结局
- Qualitative questionnaire survey(Assessments were conducted immediately post-intervention (following completion of physiological, anxiety, and pain measurements). It was a one-time intervention conducted on Day 1.)