The Impacts of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Breastfeeding and the Correlation of IGF, Leptin, HPL Expression in Placenta Tissue
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 70
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- 100% Patients's placenta with smoking in Pregnancy and 100% Patients's Placenta with from non-smoking in Pregnancy. Placenta Tissues Staining Measured by immunohistochemistry and biochemistry technique.
研究概览
简要总结
Maternal smoking during pregnancy although it is known to be associated with fetal growth restriction, it's effect on postpartum breastfeeding is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the impacts of smoking in pregnancy on breastfeeding as well as its impacts on placental immunoreactivity.
详细描述
The study was conducted on 70 women who gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Groups were classified as Smokers (n=35) and Non-smokers (n=35). The breastfeeding conditions of both groups were evaluated prior to discharge and after postpartum 10th day.
Cross-sections were taken from the placenta tissues after which their IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1), Leptin, HPL (human placental lactogen) immunoreactivities were examined.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 45 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Pregnant women who have started smoking at least 100 cigarettes in her lifetime and who now smokes every day,
- •Pregnant women who have never smoked throughout their life, including pregnancy(16),
- •Pregnant women who gave birth at term,
- •Multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, those who do not have a systemic disease and due to systemic disease during pregnancy those who do not use
- •Pregnant women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery,
- •In order not to encounter communication barriers and because cultural differences may vary, the pregnant woman is not a foreign national,
- •Pregnant women who do not have any barriers to communication by phone,
- •Those who do not have any health problems that prevent breastfeeding
排除标准
- •multiple pregnancy
- •insulin dependent diabetes
- •pregnant women who have had a cesarean section
- •preeclampsia
- •thyroid disease
结局指标
主要结局
100% Patients's placenta with smoking in Pregnancy and 100% Patients's Placenta with from non-smoking in Pregnancy. Placenta Tissues Staining Measured by immunohistochemistry and biochemistry technique.
时间窗: Baseline
次要结局
- Sociodemographic, birth history, and breastfeeding questions were measured by survey technique.(Baseline)