Effects of an Instability Training Program Using Global Versus Selective Instability Devices on Dynamic Balance and Ankle Stability in Young Amateur Soccer Players
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Dynamic Balance (mSEBT)
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of a 4-week balance training programme using a GID or SID on functional dynamic balance and functional ankle stability in young healthy amateur soccer players.
The main question it aimed to answer are:
- Are there differences between using GID or SID in improving dynamic balance according to the Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and the Emery test, and in improving functional ankle stability according to the Side Hop Test?
Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: GID balance training (i.e., with a BOSU®) and SID balance training (i.e., with Blackboard). The randomization and allocation were performed using the sealed envelope method. Both groups performed on a 4-weeks balance training program with the assigned device.
Participants were asked to:
- Perform a 5-minute conventional warm-up (cycling and active anke mobility exercises)
- Perform four balance exercises with a 3-kg medicine ball, on the unstable surface device assigned to each group (explanation of the exercises in the detailed description)
Researchers compared the results of the GID group with those of the SID group to determine the differences between devices in the improvement of dynamic balance and functional stability of the foot and ankle.
详细描述
Sport injuries are one of the main concerns of soccer players and their coaching staff and ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in this sport. Sprains have a high recurrence in soccer, leading to pathological laxity, residual pain, and sensorimotor deficits in the ankle which could cause stability alterations known as chronic ankle instability. In this sense, numerous efforts have been made to find alternatives to reduce the incidence and recurrence of ankle sprains, but the exercise protocols designed to date are still not completely effective. Therefore, studies that deal with exercises or devices that could produce changes in ankle stability and, consequently, can reduce injury rates, are still necessary.
Stability training programmes are generally performed on unstable surfaces such as Both Sides Utilized (BOSU®), balance boards, pads, soft mats, air cushions, or tilting platforms. These tools are generally considered global instability devices (GIDs) as the direction and intensity of the instability cannot be selected and adjusted by the user. Although not yet widely studied, a new device designed to overcome these limitations is the Blackboard Training, as selective instability device (SID). In a previous study, the investigators compared muscle activation of the peroneus longus during single-leg stance on the Blackboard Training and on other GIDs (including BOSU®), finding no differences between devices. These findings may suggest that the use of the SID to improve functional ankle balance in athlete's ankle sprain preventive programs could be effective, at least, as those produced by GID, but a clinical comparison has not yet been conducted.
Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-week balance training programme using a GID or SID on functional dynamic balance and functional ankle stability in young healthy amateur soccer players.
A total number of 20 amateur soccer players were randomly allocated into two groups (GID and SID). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dynamic balance (modified Star Excursion Balance Test and Emery Test) and ankle stability (Side Hop Test) data were collected.
After a 5-minute warm up, participants performed the same exercises on their assigned device (BOSU in its inverted position for the GID group, or Blackboard with the two slats placed centrally for the SID group), which was a modified version of a previously proposed plan for proprioception training in athletes. The exercises were the same for both groups and were performed with a 3-kg medicine ball, being the only difference the unstable surface device. These were the following:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 16 Years 至 35 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •No lower limb surgery during the last year prior to participation
- •No history of pain in either ankles, knees or hips during the two months prior to participation
- •Not having sprained either ankle for at least three months prior to participation
排除标准
- •Had participated in lower limb balance and proprioception programmes or had suffered balance alterations such as vertigo, vestibular or central disorders
结局指标
主要结局
Dynamic Balance (mSEBT)
时间窗: Pre and after 4 weeks of intervention
Firstly, for assessing dynamic balance, the three-directions modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and Emery Test were employed. The mSEBT consists of standing on one leg while reaching with the contralateral leg the farthest possible point in three different directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral). The distance reached in each attempt was normalised with the leg length. Each participant was allowed to make two attempts with each leg and in each direction to practice. Then, three more attempts were performed. A 15-second rest time was allowed between attempts of the same position, and five minutes between the different directions. All measurements were made barefoot and with hands placed on hips. The mSEBT has demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability.
Dynamic Balance (Emery Test )
时间窗: Pre and after 4 weeks of intervention
For the Emery Test, subjects should maintain single-leg stance on an Airex® Balance Pad, with their eyes closed, barefoot, and with their hands placed on their hips. The subjects were asked to remain as stable as possible for a maximum time of 180 seconds. Three attempts were performed with 15-second rests and the best time obtained for each leg was registered. Before starting the measurements, the subjects were allowed to become familiarised with the test for 15 seconds.
Ankle stability (Side Hop Test)
时间窗: Pre and after 4 weeks of intervention
The test consists of jumping laterally on one leg 30 cm delimited by two lines marked on the ground. Participants performed 10 repetitions barefoot (a total of 20 jumps) in the shortest possible time. Each participant made three attempts with each leg, with 1-minute rests. The best time for each leg was registered. One repetition was allowed before starting for practice.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Rodrigo Martín-San-Agustin
Assistant Professor of Physiotherapy
University of Valencia