Role of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Genetic Profiling and Clinical Outcomes for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) Patients - A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Epidemiology Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 200
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Concordance Between ctDNA and Tissue-Based Genomic Profiling
研究概览
简要总结
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and heterogeneous disease with high incidence and mortality in Korea. Molecular profiling has enabled the identification of actionable alterations such as Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, and dMMR/MSI-H status. However, the utility of tumor tissue-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is often limited by difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue samples and the lack of in-house sequencing capacity across many hospitals.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis offers a minimally invasive alternative that can provide rapid and reliable genomic profiling. In a previous study, ctDNA testing showed high concordance with tissue-based genomic profiling for clinically significant alterations, particularly IDH1 mutations, and identified additional mutations not detected in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that ctDNA may expand access to targeted therapies such as ivosidenib .
This multicenter, prospective, observational epidemiology study, organized by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Biliary Tract Cancer Subcommittee, will evaluate the clinical utility of ctDNA-based genomic profiling in patients with advanced BTC. The study will assess concordance between ctDNA and tumor tissue sequencing, describe the prevalence of actionable alterations, and explore the impact of ctDNA testing on treatment decisions and clinical outcomes. By leveraging a nationwide network of BTC specialists, this study seeks to validate ctDNA as a feasible and scalable tool for precision oncology, supporting timely and personalized therapy for patients with BTC.
详细描述
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) encompasses a rare and diverse group of tumors characterized by varying anatomical locations-including extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and gallbladder lesions. Therapeutic innovations in advanced BTC are hindered by the rarity and heterogeneity of its subtypes, with particularly high incidence and mortality rates observed in Korea.
Recent advances in molecular profiling have enabled the identification of potential therapeutic targets for BTC. These findings have led to the approval of several therapies for BTC, including those targeting IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, as well as immunotherapies for DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) subtypes. Genomic profiling is essential to detect these targetable alterations, helping to guide appropriate, targeted therapies for patients with BTC. Traditional genomic profiling is typically conducted using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues; therefore, the challenge of obtaining adequate tumor tissue samples in BTC can impede molecular evaluations. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood may offer an alternative to tissue-based analysis.
In a previous study, the investigators assessed the concordance between ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in a large cohort of Asian patients with advanced BTC and evaluated the feasibility of liquid biopsy in the treatment of BTC. As a result, ctDNA-based genotyping exhibited acceptable concordance with tissue genomic profiling for clinically significant mutations classified as tier 1 or 2, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 79.4%. Notably, high concordance of actionable alterations between ctDNA and tissue for IDH1 mutations was observed, with 100% sensitivity (5/5) and 71.4% PPV (5/7), and for FGFR2 fusions with 66.7% sensitivity (2/3) and 100% PPV (2/2). Additionally, using ctDNA, five IDH1 mutations were identified in tissue samples and two additional IDH1 mutations were detected only in ctDNA.
The IDH1 mutations have significant clinical implications for patients with BTC due to their considerable frequency (approximately 13% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; range, 9-20%) and the availability of targeted therapy; ivosidenib was approved by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) in Korea. Although relatively high concordance between ctDNA and tumor tissue for IDH1 mutations was found, the occurrence of these alterations was low, and a more comprehensive comparative analysis is warranted. Therefore, the validation of ctDNA genomic profiling in a larger cohort of patients with BTC is not just a suggestion, but a pressing need to establish its potential as a promising approach for guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Justification for ctDNA in BTC:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Patients with histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer).
- •Patients who meet one of the following conditions:
- •Patients prior to initiation of first-line systemic chemotherapy, or
- •Patients previously treated with systemic chemotherapy who can provide a blood sample immediately before starting subsequent therapy.
- •Age ≥ 19 years at the time of enrollment.
- •Willingness to provide a blood sample for ctDNA analysis.
排除标准
- •Patients who refuse to provide blood samples for ctDNA testing.
- •Patients unable to provide written informed consent.
- •Patients concurrently enrolled in a similar study within the same institution. Prior screening will be performed to prevent duplicate enrollment.
研究组 & 干预措施
Group 1: Advanced BTC Patients
Description: Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced biliary tract cancer (including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer) who are enrolled prospectively across participating centers in Korea.
Number of Participants: 200 (anticipated)
Cohort Type: Single observational cohort
干预措施: Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Testing (ctDNA-based Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)) (Genetic)
结局指标
主要结局
Concordance Between ctDNA and Tissue-Based Genomic Profiling
时间窗: Within 4 weeks of study enrollment, prior to initiation of systemic therapy
The proportion of concordance between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) and tissue-based genomic profiling in detecting clinically relevant genetic alterations (e.g., IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, MSI-H/dMMR) among patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.
次要结局
- Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Sensitivity of ctDNA(At baseline (prior to treatment initiation, within 4 weeks of enrollment))
- Feasibility of ctDNA Testing in Clinical Practice(From baseline through study completion, up to 24 months)
- Detection Rate of Actionable Alterations using ctDNA(At baseline (prior to treatment initiation, within 4 weeks of enrollment))
研究者
Hong Jae Chon
Principal Investigator
CHA University