The Effect of Relaxation Meditation During the First Stage of Labor on Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Fear in Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction:

This study aims to examine whether there are significant differences in childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth between primiparous pregnant women who practice meditation (experimental group) and those who do not (control group) during the first stage of labor. Childbirth is a physiological process for every woman, but feelings of uncertainty, perceived inadequacy, anxiety, and stress can lead to fear of childbirth and avoidance behavior. Studies show that 6.3-75% of pregnant women experience fear of childbirth, with 6-10% affected severely. This fear can be influenced by biological, psychological, social, and secondary factors such as previous traumatic experiences or negative birth stories. Furthermore, gestational age and parity also play important roles in the emergence of birth fear.

Fear of childbirth can result in complications such as prolonged labor, emergency or elective cesarean delivery, postpartum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and disruption in mother-infant bonding. Various methods, including cognitive-behavioral techniques, psychoeducation, and relaxation therapies like hypnobirthing, are used to manage this fear. Research suggests that birth fear is not solely linked to pain or information deficits but to many other factors, including a woman's sense of self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to complete tasks or overcome challenges. A woman with high self-efficacy is more likely to manage stress-inducing situations, such as labor, by trusting her own capabilities. Increasing self-efficacy and reducing fear of childbirth can be achieved through relaxation techniques, one of which is meditation. Meditation involves mental training that helps individuals find strength and solutions to problems, promoting relaxation that may alleviate both mental and physical tension. During pregnancy and labor, meditation can assist in reducing anxiety and enhancing positive birth experiences.

Aim: