The Associations Between Psychotherapy Expectations and Distress Among Adults Hospitalized in Psychiatric Departments or Treated in the Ambulatory/Community Clinics and Their Therapists.

Symptom Checklist (SCL-10R)

时间窗: From enrollment, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after enrolment

The scale is a shorter version of the SCL-90 , a self-report inventory consist of 90 items that measure psychosomatic and psychological symptoms for the recent week. The shorter version includes 10 items and has been used in several studies for global psychological distress. Participants are asked to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = "no at all" to 4 = "extremely") (e.g. feeling blue). Higher score represents more psychopathology. Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.87. In the current study we will translate the questionnaire to Hebrew using back-translation.

The Expectations of Active Processes in Psychotherapy Scale (EAPPS)

时间窗: At enrollment and 8 weeks after enrolment

The EAPPS is a scale designed to assess expectations about the active processes assumed to facilitates change in psychotherapy. It includes 32 items representing 7 factors: establishment of positive therapist-client relations, verbal processing of therapist-client relations, exploration of unexpressed contents, the ability to share sensitive contents openly and secretly, working through specific emotional problems, therapy fosters resilience and therapy provides tools for cognitive control. Each respondent will be asked to rate their level of agreement with each item as a mechanism therapy work through on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 7 (To a large extent). The score for each factor is calculated by the sum of its items. The EAPPS have been developed in Hebrew and translated into English. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged between .66-.85, and internal and external validity has been established.

Outcome expectations (an item from Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ)

时间窗: From enrollment, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after enrollment

for measuring outcome expectations we will use this 6 items scale divided to two parts. The first one addresses what the subject thinks and includes three credibility items rated on a 9-point Likert-type scale. the minimum value is 1 (not at all sure/think the therapy will be useful) and the maximum value is 9 (very useful). Also, one outcome expectancy item rated from 0 to 100% in 10 jumps (e.g. 0, 10%, 20%...).''By the end of the therapy period, how much improvement in your presenting concerns/problems do you think will occur?''. The second part includes two items rated on a 9-point Likert-type scale that addresses to what the subject feels (e.g." By the end of the therapy period, how much improvement in your presenting concerns/problems do you feel will occur?'. For reliability measure, the total scale standardized alpha was r=0.85. This measure was used in several studies for outcome expectations and was correlated with other outcome expectations measures.

The Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI).

时间窗: From enrollment, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after enrollment

The scale is being used for clinicians, who are not necessarily researchers, in order to track patient's progress and treatment response over time. It includes two questions: (1) CGI-Severity and (2) CGI-Improvement. The severity question is: "Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the patient at this time?". Rated on a seven-point scale from 1=normal, not at all ill, to 7=among the most extremely ill patients. The improvement question is: "Compared to the patient's condition at admission to the project \[prior to medication initiation\], this patient's condition is: 1=very much improved since the initiation of treatment; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change from baseline (the initiation of treatment); 5=minimally worse; 6= much worse; 7=very much worse since the initiation of treatment." It is important to note there are guidelines for its use.