Histopathological Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament and Cementum of Extracted Teeth Subjected to Laser Ablation With Indocyanine Green.

Laser Ablation therapy (LA) using 810nm diode laser and Indocyanine Green (ICG) solution which efficiently absorbs laser energy and the increased temperature results in an instantaneous flame that chars tissue and microbes. Intracanal heating can potentially cause damage to cementum structure and periodontal tissues. The objective of this study is to observe possible changes in the periodontal ligament and cementum resulting from the use of LA with ICG as an adjuvant therapy to endodontic treatment. Ten patients with lower incisors requiring extraction will be selected. Before extraction, chemical-mechanical root canal preparation will be carried out with a single file reciprocating system (35/04) and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Then, the canals will be dried and filled with 0.05% ICG, which will remain in place for 1 minute (pre-irradiation time). For the test group, a #20 laser fiber will be inserted into the root canal to the working length. The 810 nm wavelength infrared diode laser is activated with a power of 2.5W, an interval of 300 ms, and a duration of 100 ms. After activation commences, circular movements are made for a period of 30 seconds together with the fiber removal movement. After the first activation, there is a 30-second pause and a new 30-second activation cycle will then be performed in the same way as the previous one. After treatment, the tooth element will be extracted and the apical third of the root with the periodontal ligament is processed for histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining to evaluate the morphological structures. Two teeth extracted without treatment will be used as controls.