Relation Between Acute Kidney Injury and Mineral Bone Disease

Assiut Medical School Research Proposal Form 2 Part 2: Research Details 2.1 Background (Research Question, Available Data from the literature, Current strategy for dealing with the problem, Rationale of the research that paves the way to the aim(s) of the work).

Numerous studies have evaluated the prevalence and importance of mineral and bone disorders among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, little is known about dysregulated mineral and bone metabolism in acute kidney injury (AKI) [ Acute kidney injury is the new consensus term for acute renal failure It refers to a clinical syndrome characterised by a rapid (hours to days) decrease in renal excretory function, with the accumulation of products of nitrogen metabolism such as creatinine and urea and other clinically unmeasured waste products. Other common clinical and laboratory manifestations include decreased urine output (not always present), accumulation of metabolic acids, and increased potassium and phosphate concentrations. The term acute kidney injury has replaced acute renal failure to emphasise that a continuum of kidney injury exists that begins long before sufficient loss of excretory kidney function can be measured with standard laboratory tests. The term also suggests a continuum of prognosis, with increasing mortality associated with even small rises in serum creatinine, and additional increases in mortality as creatinine concentration rises. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing among hospitalized patients . Treating the condition consumes significant amounts of resources even after hospital discharge

. Although AKI was once considered a reversible condition, mounting evidence has indicated that AKI may have a negative impact upon subsequent renal function and long-term prognosis, even if kidney