Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation and Clinical Hypnosis for Injury-related Pain Management in Elite Athletes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 撤回
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Current Pain Intensity
研究概览
简要总结
This study will utilize a replicated single case experimental design (RSCD) to investigate the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness meditation (MM) vs clinical hypnosis (HYP) training for improving pain in injured elite athletes. The primary outcome is change in pain intensity. It is hypothesized that: (1) both treatments will engender clinically meaningful improvement in pain intensity; (2) change in cognitive processes will be a unique mechanism underlying improved pain outcome in MM, and (3) change in cognitive content will be a unique mechanism underlying improved pain outcome in HYP. This research program has the potential to reduce athletes' uncertainty around pain, time out with injury and improve pain management during rehabilitation and recovery from injury.
详细描述
The proposed program of research will utilize our current understanding of the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS-BAS) model of pain and mind-body therapies and apply it to pain experienced by injured elite athletes. This study will be a replicated single case experimental design (RSCD), which will investigate the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness meditation (MM) vs clinical hypnosis (HYP) training for improving the primary outcome of pain intensity in injured elite athletes. It will also investigate the potential mechanism role of change in cognitive content and cognitive processes in underlying the effects of these mind-body therapies. It is hypothesized that: (1) both treatments will engender clinically meaningful improvement in pain intensity; (2) change in cognitive processes will be a unique mechanism underlying improved pain outcome in MM, and (3) change in cognitive content will be a unique mechanism underlying improved pain outcome in HYP. This research program has the potential to reduce athletes' uncertainty around pain, time out with injury and improve pain management during rehabilitation and recovery from injury.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
The outcome assessor will be blind to participant condition.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •be an elite athlete (i.e., competing at international or division 1 varsity level),
- •currently have a sport or exercise-related injury that resulted in an average pain intensity greater than or equal to 3 on a 0-10 numerical rating scale in the past week, and for which the predicted recovery time at the point of study enrolment is greater than 5 weeks,
- •Be 18 or over.
- •Read, speak, and understand the English language.
- •Have access to the internet on a computer or smartphone.
- •Have access to a set of headphones.
- •Be willing to be randomly assigned to both conditions and listen to five 20-minute treatment sessions.
- •Be willing to participate in a daily survey for 25 consecutive days.
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
Mindfulness Meditation
Condition 1, Mindfulness Meditation (MM): The MM recording will be adapted from Day (2017). It will first instruct the listener to anchor attention on the breath while being mindfully aware of any physical sensations that arise throughout the body. The listener is then encouraged to explore sensations with non-judgmental attentiveness, without attempts to change the sensation in any way. This will implicitly provide training in mindful acceptance. Finally, the listener is instructed to simply label any thinking that arises as "thinking", before returning to the object of the meditation.
干预措施: Mindfulness Meditation (Behavioral)
Clinical Hypnosis
Condition 2, Clinical Hypnosis (HYP): The HYP recording will be adapted from Jensen (2011). It will take the listener through a standardised self-hypnosis practice that includes an induction, followed by tailored suggestions. Specifically, the HYP session aims to take the listener through four basic ideas: 1) an induction to get the individual into a state of readiness to accept new ideas; 2) instructions to go to a favourite place to deepen the induction and provide a context for feeling heat while being relaxed; 3) linking suggestions for reducing automatic behavioural inhibition system and behavioural activation system (BIS-BAS) activation in response to stressors and enhancing awareness of when to activate each system; 4) suggestions that target enhancing self-confidence in pain management, well-being and the rehabilitation process; and 5) alerting.
干预措施: Clinical Hypnosis (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Current Pain Intensity
时间窗: Assessed online daily during randomized baseline length of 5, 10 or 15 days, 5 day treatment period, and randomized post-treatment phase of 5, 10 or 15 days of assessment
Change in pain intensity will be measured using a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) of average pain in the past 24 hours. Participants will be asked to choose a number from 0-10 that best represents their pain intensity. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-reported pain intensity.
次要结局
- Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Current Pain Unpleasantness(Assessed online daily during randomized baseline length of 5, 10 or 15 days, 5 day treatment period, and randomized post-treatment phase of 5, 10 or 15 days of assessment)