A Clinical Trial to Assess the Impact of Nursing Intervention in the Adherence to Drug Treatment and to a Healthy Lifestyle in Kidney Transplant Patients

A controlled, multicenter, single-blind clinical trial will be carried out. For this, 3 measurements will be made, a first baseline, prior to the intervention, and another two follow-up six and twelve months after the first. Patients will be divided into two groups:

1. Intervention group: in which a health education action will be carried out through the delivery of an Information Guide for adults with a kidney transplant and the regulated explanation of each of the items it contains. It will be carried out by the nurse from the Kidney Transplant Clinic responsible for follow-up, who in turn will receive an online training session, prior to the start of recruitment, on what information to provide and how to provide it.
2. Control group in which the usual clinical practice will be maintained, which consists of providing the information in the immediate post-transplant period and resolving any doubts that the patient may have during the follow-up period.

The study will be carried out in the five existing Nursing Consultations, specific to Renal Transplantation, belonging to as many hospitals of the Public Health Network of the Community of Madrid.

Study population Those patients with a functioning kidney transplant, under follow-up by one of the nursing consultations where the research will be carried out, over 18 years of age who agree to participate and sign the informed consent will be selected. Patients monitored by the clinic whose habitual residence is in an Autonomous Community other than Madrid will be excluded, those in which the frequency of revision in the Renal Transplant Clinic is scheduled for more than 6 months, as well as those hyperimmunized pre-transplant patients (Presence of preformed antibodies >75%) and those who are not trained to give their informed consent and those who do not read or understand Spanish well.

Calculation of sample size and sampling. In order to achieve the main objective of evaluating the efficacy of an informative intervention by the nurse in the adherence of the kidney transplant recipient and according to the calculations made, starting from an adherence based on the bibliography, of 50% in both arms of the study, and to detect a change of at least 20% in it, a sample of 93 patients per arm will be needed, plus an estimated 10% of losses, which results in 102 patients per arm, 204 in total.