SOLUS Smart Optical and Ultrasound Diagnostic of Breast Cancer

The pilot study for validation of the SOLUS system is carried out at the Department of Breast Imaging of OSR after the ethics and Italian Health Ministry approvals.

Adult women, 20 with malignant and 20 with benign breast lesions visible at US examination, aged over 18 years, that agree to participate in the study, signing the informed consent form, will be included. In order to select cases, the investigators will consider as benign lesions with a clear benign aspect at US, classified as BI-RADS 2 following the ACR classification, unchanged for dimension and morphology from at least 2 years or with a previous CB done at least before 1 year or BI-RADS 2 and 3 lesions confirmed at histology. The investigators will consider as malignant lesions suspicious or malignant at US, classified as BI-RADS 4 and 5 following the ACR classification, with a confirmation of nature at histology done in any modality, with per-cutaneous or surgical biopsy, after the SOLUS examination. Biopsies will be taken only in case of individual medical necessity, independent of the result of SOLUS evaluation. The collection, examination and storage of the bioptic material itself will be done outside of the SOLUS project, in accordance with clinical procedures. The SOLUS project will only use the results of these bioptic examinations. In case of biopsy, patients will be asked to sign also an informed consent to the usage of bioptic results for the research. Biopsy will be performed after the multi-modal examination, in order to avoid possible artifacts caused by biopsy-induced swelling, bruising or bleeding. Thus, more than 20 cases in each group of breast lesions will have to be evaluated and identified at US and selected for the study to obtain the 20 benign and 20 malignant lesions confirmed at histology or at long observation in case of well know benign nodules, useful for our study. The examination of each subject will include: i) Conventional B-mode US, ii), color Doppler US, iii) shear wave elastography (SWE), and iv) SOLUS multimodal imaging.

Conventional B-mode US (i), color Doppler US (ii) and SWE (iii) will be performed preliminary to the SOLUS scan.

A detailed evaluation of the lesions by means of the following established US parameters to evaluate benignity and malignancy suggestive parameters will be carried out: morphology, margins, echogenicity (hyper-, iso-, or hypoechogenicity with respect to normal breast parenchyma), in agreement with BI-RADS classification, presence or absence of the halo sign, presence of spot microcalcifications, and Doppler color flow. The US elastogram will be displayed over the B-mode image in a color scale that ranges from blue (low stiffness) to red (high stiffness).

For each subject various ultrasound images (modalities i-iii) will be taken. These images will determine the location for the SOLUS measurements (iv) and provide information about the depth and thickness of the breast lesion and distance between the skin surface and the lesion. SOLUS multimodal imaging (iv) will be performed using a similar procedure as for US, Doppler and elastography. For each imaging procedure, subjects will be examined in the supine position, as for a traditional breast US examination.