Patterns and Outcome of Autoimmune Related Chronic Liver Disease : Retrospective Study

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) are a group of immunologically induced hepatic damage that are either hepatocellular or cholestatic. The hepatocellular forms are characterized by a significant elevation of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as compared with the biliary enzymes,together with elevated serum bilirubin Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the typical example of hepatocellular autoimmune liver diseases, but it can also be presented under a cholestatic pattern. Autoimmune hepatitis has a scoring diagnostic system and respond in most cases to the treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the second most common autoimmune liver diseases , with a cholestatic presentation and characterized by positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA). It has an excellent response and long term outcome with the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) Another autoimmune liver disease that is thought to be a variant of PBC is the autoimmune cholangitis, being a disease that has biochemical and histological features similar to PBC; but the AMA is negative. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare entity of autoimmune liver disease that has a cholestatic presentation and respond poorly to the treatment, with the ultimate progression to advance liver cirrhosis in most patients Other forms of autoimmune liver disease include the overlap syndromes (OS), which are diseases with mixed immunological and histological patterns of two autoimmune liver disease the most commonly recognized one is AIH-PBC overlap (AIH-PSC overlap is less common). The treatment of OS involves the trial of ursodeoxycholic acid and different immunosuppressant.

The vast majority of studies examining the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune liver disease have focused on PBC. Estimates of both disease incidence and prevalence vary quite widely between studies of specific defined populations.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are chronic liver diseases that likely have an autoimmune basis to their pathogenesis. Although significant strides have been made in the clinical management of these conditions, their pathogenesis remains obscure. Understanding of various epidemiological factors may shed light on predisposing or causative factors of these diseases There are limited Egyptian studies available on prevalence and spectrum of autoimmune liver diseases in cholestatic liver diseases, so the investigators will design this work to evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune liver diseases in cholestatic liver diseases and clinical profile of the various autoimmune liver diseases.