Metabolic and Inflammatory Outcomes of the Ketogenic Diet Comparing Saturated and Unsaturated Fat Sources
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 175
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Effect of diets on LDL-cholesterol levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare a healthy KETO diet supplemented with canola oil (KETO-Can) compared to a traditional KETO diet high in saturated fat (KETO-Sat) and low-fat diet (LFD) in adults at high risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The main question[s] it aims to answer are:
- Effects on CVD risk factors (plasma cholesterol, TG, ApoB100, glucose, insulin and HbA1C).
- Effects on systemic inflammation and immune function.
- Adherence to interventions.
Participants will be randomized into 1 of the dietary treatments during which they will follow a Keto or a low-fat diet.
Comparisons among groups at 3 and 6 months of intervention will be conducted.
详细描述
The ketogenic diet (KETO) is popular for weight loss and is gaining interest as a treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) because it is believed to help manage blood glucose and weight. However, KETO is often high in saturated fats (SFA), which may increase cholesterol and other cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, such as inflammatory profile. Substituting a heart-healthy oil for SFA may improve these outcomes.
The purpose of our study is to investigate the health beneficial effects of a healthy KETO diet supplemented with Canola oil, compared to a traditional Keto Diet and low-fat diet in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Participants will be randomized to one of these three diets and will receive nutrition counselling during 6 months.
Each month, participants will receive a 1-month supply of canola oil in the KETO-Can group, butter and coconut oil in the KETO-Sat group and whole grain foods (pasta or brown rice) and oatmeal in the LFD group to ensure compliance to key nutrients.
Fasting blood samples will be taken at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Anthropometric measurements (weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), BMI), blood pressure (BP), systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-18), immune function, cardiometabolic risk factors (TG, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and HbA1C) will be determined at each time point.
A total of three 24h-recall questionnaires (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) will be completed at each time point (baseline, 3 months, 6 months). Once a month (in between study visits) a 24h-recall will be completed before meeting the nutrition expert in order to personalize recommendations according to participants' respective diet groups.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 70 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Having overweight or obesity and HbA1C ≥ 5.7% at screening
排除标准
- •Individuals with specific nutritional habits preventing them from adhering to nutritional recommendations
- •Pregnant women
- •People on dialysis or recommended to follow a low-protein diet (base on glomerular filtration rate)
- •Familial hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia
- •Transitioning trans-gender
- •For safety purposes, other individuals would be excluded if are under unstable health conditions.
研究组 & 干预措施
KETO-Sat
KETO diet supplemented with butter and coconut oil (high in SFA).
干预措施: Keto-SAT (Other)
KETO-Can
KETO diet supplemented with Canola oil (high in MUFA and omega-3 FA).
干预措施: Keto-CAN (Other)
Low fat diet (LFD)
Low fat diet supplemented with whole grain foods (pasta or brown rice) and oatmeal.
干预措施: LFD (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Effect of diets on LDL-cholesterol levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).
时间窗: 3 months
Assess LDL-cholesterol levels collecting blood samples in a fasting state. LDL-Cholesterol levels will be determined using commercially available equipment at a local laboratory (Roche Cobas c503). Measurements will be performed for between group comparison and within groups comparison to understand the effect of diets.
Effect of diets on LDL-cholesterol levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).
时间窗: 6 months
Assess LDL-cholesterol levels collecting blood samples in a fasting state. LDL-Cholesterol levels will be determined using commercially available equipment at a local laboratory (Roche Cobas c503). Measurements will be performed for between group comparison and within groups comparison to understand the effect of diets.
Effect of diets on plasma triglycerides levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).
时间窗: 3 months
Assess triglycerides levels collecting blood samples in a fasting state. Triglycerides will be determined using commercially available equipment at a local laboratory (Roche Cobas c503). Measurements will be performed for between group comparison and within groups comparison to understand the effect of diets.
Effect of diets on plasma triglycerides levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).
时间窗: 6 months
Assess triglycerides levels collecting blood samples in a fasting state. Triglycerides will be determined using commercially available equipment at a local laboratory (Roche Cobas c503). Measurements will be performed for between group comparison and within groups comparison to understand the effect of diets.
次要结局
- Effect of diets on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).(3 months)
- Effect of diets on immune function and Inflammation measured by blood Immune Markers by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention and changes over time within each group compared to baseline.(3 months)
- Effect of diets on inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP)) by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).(6 months)
- Effect of diets on blood glucose levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).(3 months)
- Effect of diets on insulin levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).(6 months)
- Effect of diets on insulin levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).(3 months)
- Effect of diets on inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP)) by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).(3 months)
- Effect of diets on blood glucose levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).(6 months)
- Effect of diets on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).(6 months)
- Effect of diets on ApoB100 levels by comparing groups at 3 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 3 months).(3 months)
- Effect of diets on ApoB100 levels by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention (i.e. control low fat diet and the 2 keto groups) and changes over time within each group (i.e. baseline vs. 6 months).(6 months)
- Effect of diets on immune function and Inflammation measured by blood Immune Markers by comparing groups at 6 months of intervention and changes over time within each group compared to baseline.(6 months)