a Prospective Single-center, Participant-blinded, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disease that refers to involuntary loss of urine. The prevalence of female UI varies widely across different studies, mostly ranging from 25-40%. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common type of UI. SUI is defined as involuntary loss of urine when abdominal pressure increases suddenly such as coughing or sneezing. SUI affects women's quality of life seriously, causing psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, even socialization difficulties.

There are many treatment options for female SUI, including non-surgical and surgical interventions. For example, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the primary non-surgical treatment method, requiring females to perform Kegel exercises consistently. PMFT has been shown to be effective for female SUI, but the efficacy is dependent on the quality of PMFT. Outpatient PFMT has a higher objective cure rate compared with home PFMT. Surgery is the most effective treatment option, and the most common procedure is the mid-urethral sling (MUS). Nevertheless, surgical risks such as persistent pain after surgery, bleeding, infection, and urinary dysfunction cannot be ignored. Many outpatients are unable to persist in performing high-quality PFMT and do not consent to surgical treatment. Clinicians and patients need a highly effective and low-risk therapy urgently, thus energy-based therapies were born on demand.The result of energy-based therapies including radiofrequency (RF), Erbium: YAG (Er: YAG) laser, and CO2 laser is controversial, which has been reported in several papers. This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of female SUI, as well as its impact on women's quality of life.