The Effect of Recreational Games on Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Loneliness, and Somatisation in Elderly Individuals
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 80
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Happiness levels
研究概览
简要总结
As per the United Nations population projections, the percentage of individuals aged 65 and older in the global population is expected to increase from 10% in 2022 to 16% by the year 2050. In response to this demographic shift, the United Nations emphasizes the importance of ageing countries establishing long-term sustainable care institutions and taking measures to ensure the adaptation of the elderly to these institutions. Recreational activities play a crucial role in supporting and encouraging elderly individuals to maintain active and productive lives in their old age while preserving their social roles.
Aim: To measure the influence of recreational games on somatisation, loneliness, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly individuals.
详细描述
As per the United Nations population projections, the percentage of individuals aged 65 and older in the global population is expected to increase from 10% in 2022 to 16% by the year 2050. In response to this demographic shift, the United Nations emphasizes the importance of ageing countries establishing long-term sustainable care institutions and taking measures to ensure the adaptation of the elderly to these institutions. Recreational activities play a crucial role in supporting and encouraging elderly individuals to maintain active and productive lives in their old age while preserving their social roles.
Aim: To measure the influence of recreational games on somatisation, loneliness, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly individuals.
Method: This study employed a nonrandomized experimental design featuring pretest-posttest control groups. The study was conducted across two distinct nursing homes to prevent potential influence between individuals in the control and intervention groups.
The research was conducted from April to August 2018 within two nursing homes in Turkey. Inclusion criteria comprised individuals meeting the following conditions: 1) aged 65 years and above and residing in the designated nursing homes during the study duration; 2) expressing willingness to participate in the research; 3) attaining a score of 23 or higher (for individuals with five or more years of formal education) or 19 or higher (for those with fewer than five years of formal education) on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination for Educated and Uneducated Individuals (SMMSE); and 4) displaying openness to communication.
A power analysis, executed utilizing the G Power 3.0.10 software, determined the requisite number of participants for both the intervention and control groups. Given a type I error rate of 0.05, a type II error rate of 0.80, and an effect size of 0.5, it was established that a minimum of 27 participants were needed for each group. Considering the potential occurrence of missing data during the study, 40 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were applied to participants in both groups.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 65 Years 至 —（Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •aged 65 years and above and residing in the designated nursing homes during the study duration,
- •expressing willingness to participate in the research,
- •attaining a score of 23 or higher (for individuals with five or more years of formal education) or 19 or higher (for those with fewer than five years of formal education) on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination for Educated and Uneducated Individuals,
- •displaying openness to communication.
排除标准
- •Unconscious
- •Individuals who decline to participate in the study
- •Individuals using antipsychotic medication
结局指标
主要结局
Happiness levels
时间窗: Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form: The form, created by Hills and Argyle, comprises a 29-item scale utilizing a 6-point Likert-type scoring system. Its abbreviated version, containing 7 items, was translated into Turkish in 2011. The internal consistency, evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, resulted in a value of 0.74, whereas the test-retest reliability coefficient was recorded as 0.85. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 174 and the lowest score is 29. An increase in the score means an increase in the level of happiness.
Satisfaction with life levels
时间窗: Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions
Satisfaction with Life Scale: The scale was developed by Diener et al. (1985) to determine the satisfaction people get from life and consists of a 7-point Likert scale with unidimensional structure comprising 5 items. During its adaptation to the Turkish language, the scale underwent modification into a 5-point Likert scale. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was 0.88 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.97.
Loneliness levels
时间窗: Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions
De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale: The scale, crafted by Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985) to gauge the degree of loneliness among older individuals, underwent linguistic adaptation to Turkish in 2015. The scale's Cronbach alpha was 0.85. Comprising 11 items and 2 subscales, the scale encompasses six negative items evaluating emotional loneliness and 5 positive items appraising social loneliness. Employing a 3-point Likert-type scale, with five items scored inversely, the scale's minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 22, respectively.
Somatisation levels
时间窗: Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions
Symptom Check-List Somatisation Subscale: The scale, originally developed by Derogatis, Lipman, and Covi (1973) and subsequently adapted to the Turkish language by Kılıc (1991), is known as SCL-90-R. It is a diagnostic tool for assessing psychological concerns and identifying individual symptoms. The scale comprises nine subcategories, which encompass interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, somatisation, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, anger-hostility, anxiety, depression and phobic anxiety, utilizing a 4-point Likert type scale. The reliability coefficient for the somatisation subcategory was found to be 0.82.
次要结局
未报告次要终点