Multidimensional Intervention Directed to Pre-frail Patients Older Than 70 Years from Primary Care in a Basic Semi-urban Health Area

Hypothesis: A balanced diet, with a sufficient protein intake for each patient based on the Mediterranean diet, as well as the performance of multicomponent exercise 3 times a week, delays the evolution to stages of dysfunction or disability in the pre-frail population.

Objective:

• The main objective is to evaluate the effect of an intensive nutritional dietary treatment on the function markers in a sample of elderly people in a situation of pre-frailty.
• To Demonstrate the equivalence of the values obtained in terms of functional improvement through adequate exercise and diet in urban populations in a semi-urban population.
• To evaluate the change in analytical markers that indicate pre-frailty in patients under intensive dietary-nutritional treatment.
• To Study the improvement of quality of life in individuals with adequate nutrition and level of physical exercise in those over 70 years of age in pre-frailty stages, increasing the prevalence of healthy aging in our study population.

Methods:

• Design: This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group. Recruitment will be carried out, through random sampling, of patients over 70 years of age from the basic health area of Medina del Campo Urbano, detecting those who meet Fried's pre-frailty criteria, through the FRAIL questionnaire, being positive for pre-frailty fulfilling 1 or 2 criteria. These subjects detected as pre-frail will be randomly included in different multicomponent programs. In a group, two types of interventions will be carried out by the research team from primary care: Dietary advice adjusted to the needs of the patient and their pre-frailty stage, with an adequate nutritional and protein intake, based on the scientific evidence existing to date and in collaboration with the Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Spain; and a multicomponent physical exercise prescription (elasticity, strength, resistance and balance), of at least 150 minutes per week, according to the WHO recommendations for this age group, adapting it individually, to be performed 3-5 times per week. Both branches of the intervention will be carried out through periodic interviews throughout a year of follow-up.