Effect of Chicken-Based Diet Versus Enalapril on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria: a One-Year Randomized Controlled Study

Replacement of red meat in the diet with chicken reduces urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and improves lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria in short term studies. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effect of a chicken-based diet (CD) versus enalapril treatment on renal function and lipid profile in microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. In this 12-month controlled clinical trial 28 patients were randomized to an experimental diet (CD plus active placebo) or enalapril treatment (enalapril 10 mg/day plus patient's usual diet). UAER (immunoturbidimetry), blood pressure levels, anthropometric indices, and compliance with the diet were evaluated monthly. Glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA), lipid, glycemic, and nutritional indices were measured at baseline, and quarterly. UAER was reduced after CD [n=13; 62.8 (38.4-125.1) to 49.1 (6.2-146.5) mcg/min; P<0.001] and after enalapril treatment [n=15; 55.8 (22.6-194.3) to 23.1 (4.0-104.9) mcg/min; P<0.001]. The reduction of UAER was already significant at 4th month, and there was no difference between the UAER reduction after CD [32% (95% CI: 6.7-57.6) and after enalapril treatment [44.7% (95% CI: 28.3-61.1); P=0.366]. In conclusion, CD and the ACE inhibitor enalapril promoted similar UAER reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. A chicken-based diet might represent an additional therapeutic approach to management of diabetic nephropathy.