Evaluation of Anatomical Accuracy in Targeting Forearm Extensor Muscles With Blind Dry Needling in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis Using Ultrasound Guidance

Muscle Selection and Application Protocol All patients will be prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and analgesic treatments in accordance with clinical standards, and the use of a wrist splint will be recommended to support symptom control. Four muscles are targeted during the evaluation: Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), Extensor digitorum communis (EDC), and Brachioradialis (BR).

Blinded Dry Needling Application The first clinician determines the active TrP by manual palpation and performs dry needling without the use of ultrasound (blinded). The needling procedure is performed in accordance with the intramuscular TrP localization and techniques in Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual.

The patient is placed in the supine position. The needle used is a Hua - Long brand 0.30 x 30 mm single-use sterile acupuncture needle. The needle is advanced to the TrP and modulated until a local twitch response is obtained. If the patient experiences significant discomfort, the procedure is terminated.

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Location Verification After the needling procedure, a second clinician evaluates the needle's location in the muscle using ultrasonography. This clinician is blinded to the target muscle. Imaging is performed in accordance with the guidance of 'Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System' Using a high-resolution linear probe (5-12 MHz) , the muscle in which the needle tip is located is monitored in real time in the transverse and longitudinal planes. Whether the needle is in the targeted muscle is recorded as "correct" or "incorrect".