Cohort of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis or Polyps Followed in CHU de Bordeaux Associated With a Biocollection - COLIBRI

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by acute episodes of varying-severity bloody diarrhea. Acute severe colitis poses systemic risks. In our pilot ITAC project, the investigators found a direct link between deep colonic ulcers and systemic inflammation in acute severe colitis, suggesting repair failure. Conversely, excessive repair in UC can lead to colorectal neoplasia, especially sessile serrated adenomas in remission cases.. The investigators plan to prospectively collect tissue and blood samples of patients with UC or non-UC patients with polyps undergoing endoscopy in the Gastroenterology unit or colectomy in the Abdominal surgery unit of CHU de Bordeaux. For all patients, additional biopsies will be collected for histology, microbiota characterization, transcriptomic profiling and cells phenotyping. Additional blood samples will be collected for immune cells phenotyping, genetic profiling, and multiplex cytokines measurement. Routine clinical, endoscopic and biological data will be collected using the Entrepot de Données de Santé of CHU de Bordeaux. The patients will be divided in groups based on the endoscopy phenotype: unactive disease, non-severe active disease, severe disease and on the presence of polyps. Patients without ulcerative colitis with polyps will be studied as a control group.clinical, endoscopic and biological data will be collected using the Entrepot de Données de Santé of CHU de Bordeaux. The patients will be divided in groups based on the endoscopy phenotype: unactive disease, non-severe active disease, severe disease and on the presence of polyps. Patients without ulcerative colitis with polyps will be studied as a control group.