MOCHA Moving Forward: a CBPR Investigation of Chronic Disease Prevention in Older, Low-income African-American Men

Low-income, African-American men continue to be disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases and associated morbidities and mortalities. Primary modifiable and interrelated causes of chronic disease include high levels of stress, low levels of physical activity, and malnutrition. There are few demonstrated effective, preventive interventions that are culturally relevant and gender appropriate for low-income, African-American men.

Local community concerns about health disparities led to a year-long series of community-wide discussions and planning that resulted in the creation of Men of Color Health Awareness (MOCHA) project. Started in 2010, in an unusual public-private partnership between the YMCA and the state Department of Public Health, MOCHA's mission is to improve the health and wellbeing of men of color in Springfield, MA and surrounding areas. MOCHA runs a 12-week program with 15-20 men per cohort to decrease chronic disease vulnerability and bolster resilience among low-income, African-American men, by addressing exercise, eating habits, and stress stemming from impoverished economic conditions, racial and class discrimination, and gender role strain. The MOCHA Steering Committee contacted a group of health disparities researchers at the University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences in 2012, requesting assistance in documenting the impact of MOCHA on the community.

Over 350 men ages 40-60 years have completed the MOCHA program and preliminary data indicate that the program has decreased weight, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure; increased self-reported fitness and vitality scores; and decreased mean stress scores on the Cohen Perceived Stress scale by 19%. Based on these preliminary data, the research team proposes to rigorously test MOCHA program effectiveness and to identify the causal pathways through which it impacts outcomes.

In addition, the MOCHA Steering Committee has expressed strong interest in strengthening the quality of their program, by incorporating narrative strategies for communicating key health concepts and information into the existing program. Current research of the investigators provides strong evidence that culture-centered narrative strategies are more effective in producing positive health effects than didactic presentations. The collaborating partners have pilot tested the feasibility of developing digital stories with the MOCHA Steering Committee, and with this proposal, the investigators are mutually excited about the possibility of integrating narrative communication strategies into the MOCHA program, henceforth called MOCHA+.

To test the effectiveness of the existing MOCHA chronic disease prevention program in decreasing stress and compare its effectiveness with a new to-be-developed MOCHA+ program (that integrates narrative communication strategies), the research team proposes to conduct a randomized-controlled trial with three arms: MOCHA, MOCHA + and wait-list control comparison groups. Using a community-based participatory research approach, the three specific aims of the proposed research are thus to: