The Impact of Virtual Reality Distraction on Procedural Pain, Duration, and Parental Satisfaction During Intravenous Cannulation and Blood Sampling in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 150
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Procedure-related pain
研究概览
简要总结
This study evaluates whether virtual reality (VR)-based distraction can reduce pain during intravenous cannulation and venous blood sampling in children treated in a pediatric emergency department. Children aged 6-11 years who required these procedures received either standard care or VR distraction using age-appropriate audiovisual content. The primary outcome was procedure-related pain measured by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included procedural duration, cooperation, first-attempt success, behavioral distress, and parental satisfaction. The study also explored whether the effectiveness of VR was associated with patient engagement during the procedure.
详细描述
Painful procedures such as intravenous cannulation and venous blood sampling are common in pediatric emergency departments and may lead to distress, anxiety, and negative healthcare experiences. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a non-pharmacological intervention that may reduce procedural pain through immersive distraction.
This prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric emergency department between September 2024 and September 2025. A total of 150 children aged 6-11 years requiring intravenous cannulation or venous blood sampling were included. Participants were enrolled sequentially, with 100 children assigned to the VR group and 50 to standard care. The VR intervention consisted of age-appropriate audiovisual content delivered through a VR headset during the procedure.
The primary outcome was procedure-related pain measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included procedural duration, cooperation, first-attempt success, behavioral distress, parental satisfaction, and VR response. The study aimed to assess whether VR distraction may improve procedural experience and reduce procedure-related pain in pediatric emergency settings.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 6 Years 至 11 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Children aged 6-11 years
- •Requirement for intravenous cannulation or venous blood sampling in the -pediatric emergency department
- •Ability to understand and engage with virtual reality content
- •Written informed consent obtained from parent or legal guardian
排除标准
- •Visual or hearing impairment preventing VR use
- •Neurological or developmental disorders affecting communication or cooperation
- •Altered level of consciousness
- •Hemodynamic instability requiring immediate intervention
- •Previous participation in the study
- •Refusal of participation by the child or parent/legal guardian
- •Contraindications to virtual reality exposure (e.g., severe motion sickness or intolerance)
结局指标
主要结局
Procedure-related pain
时间窗: Immediately after the procedure
Procedure-related pain assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) following intravenous cannulation or venous blood sampling.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Muazzez Seker Gezici
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Specialist
Ege University