To compare the safety and efficacy of flupertine maleate, tapentadol hydrochloride and tramadol hydrochloride for post operative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia

This study will be conducted in prospective, randomized double blind manner in Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar in department of anaesthesia and critical care. Introduction: Pain following surgery is an unwanted effect which is to be relieved for the better outcome of surgery and anaesthesia. Flupirtine maleate, Tapentadol Hydrochloride and Tramadol hydrochloride are effective analgesics with minimal side effects. The study will be conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the study drugs for post-operative pain relief in lower abdominal surgeries performed underspinal anaesthesia. Materials And Methods: The study will be done on 120 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA )grade I and II grades aged 18-60 years. Group A will receive - 100 mg of Flupirtine Maleate tablet orally, Group B will receive 50 mg of Tapentadol Hydrochloride tablet orally. Group C will receive 50 mg of Tramadol Hydrochloride tablet orally. Pain intensity will be analysed by visual analogue scale (VAS ). Study drugs will be given initially after 3 hours of start of surgery. Patients will be assessed 3 hourly for first 12 hours and 6 hourly thereafter till 48 hours. Subsequent doses will be given after evaluation of VAS, only if VAS >3 at an interval of minimum 6 hours. Sedation will be assessed with the Modified Wilson sedation scale after 1 hour and 2 hour of giving the study drug. Safety and tolerability will be assessed by side effects reported by patients and after 48 hours the liver function tests will be assessed again.