Can Second Resection for pT1 Bladder Carcinoma be Safely Avoided After Initial En-Bloc Resection With Negative Vertical and Horizontal Safety Margins: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bladder cancer (BC) is the one of the most prevalent cancer in Egypt representing nearly 30% of all cancers. Approximately 75% of newly diagnosed BC present with non-muscle invasive disease (NMIBC). Initial treatment for most BCs includes transurethral resection (TUR) of the tumor to obtain tissues sufficient for histo-pathological examination to determine if the tumor reaches the muscular proprietary or not.

In the setting of non muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIBC) especially T1HG, several studies showed a benefit of performing repeat resection within 2- 6 weeks to ensure adequate resection and exclude invasion of muscle layer.

However, several issues make this recommendation ie. Re-TUR at least debatable . First, most of these recommendations are based on heterogenous studies that didn't report cancer specific survival (CSS). The risk of upstaging to muscle-invasive disease at re-TUR i did not exceed 7% in recent series . Moreover, the potential complications of re TUR that include bladder perforation and extravasation may delay administration of intravesical BCG and this delay is associated with increased risk of tumor recurrence and progression.

On the other hand, several studies have demonstrated that presence of detrusor muscle (DM) in the initial specimen is a surrogate marker of resection quality and was associated with less incidence of residual tumor at the re TUR. New techniques like En-bloc resection of bladder tumour (ERBT) entails a circumferential incision around the tumor with 5-10 mm safety margin, then proceed to deep muscle layer underneath the tumor where it is dissected using a combination of blunt dissection and laser or diathermy energy. This technique allows accurate assessment of the depth of invasion and the infiltration pattern of NMIBC and thus improving the accuracy of pathological diagnosis.

Recently published articles on this topic reported a higher rate of detrusor muscle in the specimen (96%) with enbloc compared to conventional TURB.