Effects of Combined Motor Imagery Training and Virtual Reality Based Robotic Therapy on Upper Limb Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Chosun University0 个研究点目标入组 52 人开始时间: 2026年8月3日最近更新: 2026年8月3日

适应症

试验速览

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•The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) adults aged 19 years or older who had been diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), were in the medication ON state, and were classified as modified Hoehn and Yahr stage I–II.5; (2) a score of =24 on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE); (3) the presence of upper extremity motor impairment while retaining the ability to initiate voluntary upper extremity movements with robotic assistance; (4) stable use of dopaminergic medication for at least 4 weeks before enrollment; and (5) scores of =15 on both the visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery subscales of the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-10 (KVIQ-10).

•The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) atypical parkinsonism, other neurological disorders, or severe medical or psychiatric conditions that could limit safe participation; (2) severe dyskinesia or unpredictable motor fluctuations that could interfere with training or outcome assessments; (3) a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score of =5 in the training-side upper extremity or neck, or the presence of orthopedic conditions limiting upper extremity training; (4) uncorrected visual or hearing impairments, or severe dizziness, that could interfere with interaction in the virtual environment; and (5) changes in dopaminergic medication during the study period or participation in other intensive upper extremity robotic therapy, virtual reality (VR), or motor imagery (MI) interventions during the study period.

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