BmemHLA : Origins of the Heterogeneity of the Anti-HLA Memory B Cells in Kidney Transplantation

In kidney transplantation, the production of anti-HLA antibodies directed against the donor (DSA for Donor Specific Antibodies) can be responsible for humoral rejection, the main cause of long-term graft loss. Reactivation of anti-HLA memory B cells after transplantation is thought to play a major role in DSA production and the occurrence of humoral rejection. The investigators hypothesize that the nature and the function of anti-HLA memory B cells could differ depending on how they were initially generated. Several sensitizing events can lead to the production of anti-HLA memory B cells, but differ in terms of their inflammatory environment and the duration of allo-antigen exposure: pregnancy, transfusion or a previous transplantation. For the last group, the investigators want to distinguish two situations: kidney-transplanted patients that had an early transplantectomy due to thrombosis or that had an antibody-mediated rejection. Finally, patients can have anti-HLA antibodies without any sensitizing event identified. The investigators will first use an unbiased approach to test if anti-HLA memory B cells are heterogeneous. The investigators will perform single cell RNA sequencing of sorted anti-HLA B cells, identified with HLA tetramers, of five groups of patients based on their immunization histories. The investigators will further perform a phenotypic characterization of the tetramer+ anti-HLA B cells using spectral cytometry to study their nature and identify novel markers of memory subgroups.