Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic Outcomes of Intra-peritoneal Versus Subcutaneous Infiltration of Bupivacaine for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients "

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure involving removal of the gallbladder through multiple small trocar incisions. Compared with open surgery, this approach is associated with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. Despite its minimally invasive nature, postoperative pain remains a significant concern, particularly at port sites and from intraperitoneal irritation. Local anesthetic techniques have been shown to contribute to multimodal analgesia in laparoscopic surgery. Local anesthetic agents may be administered either intraperitoneally or by infiltration at trocar insertion sites to reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements. However, the optimal route of local anesthetic administration for effective postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains uncertain, warranting further clinical evaluation.